Aim: To study the evaluation of various antihypertensive drugs in hemodialysis patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Objective: A Prospective Observational Study was conducted to study and analyse the prescription pattern and efficacy of various antihypertensive drugs in hemodialysis patients. Methodology: In this study a total of 100 patients were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted for six months in End Stage Renal Disease patients undergoing hemodialysis with hypertension. Effectiveness of antihypertensives was evaluated by monitoring blood pressure control. The patients were followed up for a period of 12 weeks. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in this study. Male patients (73%) were more compared to female patients (27%). The maximum number of patients was from the age group of 51-60 years (50%). In the present study, Calcium Channel Blockers (42%) and Beta Blockers (30%) were most commonly prescribed along with Diuretics. Efficacy of various antihypertensive drugs was evaluated by monitoring Pre-dialysis blood pressure. Calcium Channel Blockers with Beta Blockers and Diuretics have shown better efficacy than all other combinations. One tailed paired t test with alpha level of 0.05 was applied to compare the blood pressure before and after taking antihypertensives. Conclusion: Our study revealed that multi-drug therapy was more preferred than mono-drug therapy. Calcium Channel Blockers with Beta Blockers and Loop Diuretics were frequently prescribed and have shown more efficacy than other combinations. It has been concluded that prescribing of antihypertensives in an appropriate manner is helpful for improving the quality of life. 

Poly [azo(8—hydroxyquinoline)] (PAHQ) was synthesized by alcoholic alkaline reduction of 2, 4 dinitro1-napthol. The polymers synthesized at time intervals were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. The number Average molecular weight () was determined by non-aqueous titration. Polymetric metal chelates of Cu⁺², Co⁺², Mn⁺², Zn⁺², Ni⁺² with PAHQ polymer were prepared and characterized.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate in-vitro efficacy of antibacterial activity of crude methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of Zizyphus jujuba against some human pathogenic bacterial strains. Z.jujuba commonly called, Red date or Chinese date or Bera (Pushto), belonging to family Rhamnaceae, is used primarily for its fruits. Jujube, a delicious fruit, is an effective herbal remedy improving stamina and muscular strength and aids weight gain, strengthens liver function and increases immune system resistance. Methodology: Crude methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of Zizyphus jujuba were used for antibacterial screening. Antibacterial activity was tested against pathogenic bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus Pumilus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Streptococcus pneumonia. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Zizyphus jujuba extract was carried out by using disc diffusion method. Results: The n-hexane and aqueous fractions showed significant activity of 60 and 66.66% against Bacillus pumalis and Pseudomonas aerugenosa, respectively. Activity of ethyl acetate fraction was 65.38, 62.96, 62.96 and 72% against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, P. aerugenosa and B. pumalis, respectively. On the contrary, no activity of this fraction was recorded against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The crude methanol, n -hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed 41.37, 44.82, 41.37, 55.17 and 44.82% activity against Enterobacter aerogenes respectively. The crude methanolic extract and n-hexane fractions were inactive against Escherichia coli, S. pneumoniae and Klebsella pneumonia respectively. Conclusions: The results concludes that n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of Zizyphus jujuba possess potent antibacterial activity and further the plant can be explored for isolation of its active constituents. 

Cancer is a major community health trouble in both urban and rising countries. Plant derivative are being used for the action against cancer. Worldwide effects are ongoing to identify new anticancer compounds from plants. Current available molecular entities are not sufficient so the the pharmaceutical industry are in search of novel anticancer agents from traditional medicines. In recent years people desire more use of natural plant products due to the fear of side effects for treatment of cancer. An anti-cancer agent could be useful at any of the classically defined stages of carcinogenesis initiation, promotion and progression. These agents are found in fruits, vegetables and herbs etc. Consumption of fruits and vegetables helps in the prevention of cancer. Citrus fruits, allium vegetables, Cruciferous vegetables are few agents which prevent cancer. This article has been made to review important dietary herbs in cancer which will be useful to treating cancer disease. The plant sources of India are likely to provide effective anticancer agents. Herbs have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. 

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths over world. Screening and early detection of disease is the cornerstone for disease prevention. Breast Self-Examination is a screening technique that involves examining ones breasts for lumps distortions or swelling. The practice when regularly done enables one to get familiar with their normal breast structure which in turn helps women to detect abnormal lumps in order to seek prompt medical assistance. Objective: To assess attitudes, practices associated factor of BSE among female health worker at Gambella public health facility Gambella Town, South West Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from JANUARY to JUNE, 2019. One hundred sixteen seven health professional was recruited for the study by using total population sampling technique. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. In addition to descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between dependent and independent variables of the study. Result: A total of 161 female health worker participated in the study yielding 95.83% response rate. Out of all, 61.5% of them had BSE practice, and only 42.9% had good BSE practice. Compared to female health workers who the last time performed breast self-examination one week ago, those who performed 3-6 months ago and less than a year ago had lower odds of good BSE practice, (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.07) and (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.96) respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of female health workers practicing BSE is low, so concerned bodies especially the health bureau should routinely offer training for female health workers to increase their knowledge about Breast cancer correct technique of BSE. 

The purpose of this research was to prepare Doxorubicin loaded Nanosponge gel for Sustained release of drug, increase the drug solubility, and increase the drug permeability, to reduce the dosing frequency and side effects. The FTIR studies proved that there were no interaction between the drug and Polymers. Homogenization technique followed by centrifugation was employed to prepare Nanosponge using various polymers. The formulation were prepared using different Polymers (Ethyl cellulose and Poly methyl methacrylate) in different ratios (Drug: Polymer–1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5,) Using dichloromethane as cross linker as well as solvent. The formulations were characterized for drug entrapment efficiency. The entrapment efficiency of the formulations was observed to be from 97.85 to 99.21. The highest entrapment efficiency was observed with 99.21 and 98.94 for the formulations F3 and F7. The formulations were characterized for drug content. The Drug content of the formulations was observed to be from 82.90 to 95.71. The particle size analysis done by Malvern Zeta sizer showed that the average particle size of Doxorubicin loaded Nanosponge F3 and F7was 231.1nm and 370.3nm respectively. The SEM analysis of Nanosponge shows the spherical surface of the particles. The in-vitro release of Doxorubicin Nanosponge optimized formulation F3 was found to be 36.28% and F7 was 45.66% at the end of 24 hours. The drug content of the Gel G1and G2 was found to be 25.15% and 28.88% respectively. The in-vitro release of Doxorubicin Nanosponge Gel formulation G1was found to be 23.15% and G2 was 28.88% at the end of 24hours. The pH of the gels G1and G2 was found to be 4.89 and 4.92 respectively. The Viscosity of the gels G1 and G2 was found to be 2.939x106 cps and 2.853x106 cps respectively. It was concluded that the Doxorubicin loaded Nanosponge Gel may have increased the solubility, drug release and Antifungal activity (Increase in Zone of Inhibition), and provide sustained effect The FTIR studies proved that there were no interaction between the drug and Polymers.

Caesalpinia bonduc L. is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae. The plant is found in all over India. The plant is a large prickly shrub. It is popular in indigenous system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Homoeopathy and Unani. In Indian traditional plant medicine, it has been considered as an important remedy for the treatment of several diseases. The plant has been reported to possess antinociceptive, anxiolytic, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, anthelmintic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiestrogenic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antifungal, antioxidant, antispasmodic, antipsoriatic, antiproliferative, antitumor, hepatoprotective, anticonvulsant, larvacidal and antifilarial etc. activities of various parts of C. bonduc plant. It can be concluded that C. bonduc can become the best source of medicine in future on various ailments with further investigations. Hence attempts have been made to take collect and compile the information about the traditional use of various parts of C. bonduc in various ailments, chemical constituents from various parts and the effective use of various extracts for treatment of different diseases. 

The main objective present research work to synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of pyridazine analogues. To study the different synthesized derivative by using different analytical parameters. And also to find out the good pharmacologically active synthesized compounds. The studies on the hydralazine group drugs led to the synthesis of many pyridazinone derivatives with a wide activity spectrum on cardiovascular system. Pyridazinone derivatives, a class of compounds containing the N-N bond, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antidepressant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anticonvulsant, cardiotonic, anti HIV and anticancer etc. All the synthesized compounds were obtained in good yield by optimizing various synthetic procedures. The structures of the compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR and Mass spectral data analysis. The current work describes the synthesis of some new substituted pyridazine derivatives with encouraging antihypertensive activity by non-invasive method using Tail Cuff method. Some new dihydropyridazinone analogues were synthesized by a sequence of reactions starting from respective aryl hydrocarbons. Pyridazinone derivatives were synthesized under different reaction mechanism like Fredal craft acylation for substituted benzene, Claisen condensation and Manich reaction conditions. Total Ten compounds (4a-4i) were synthesized by mentioned scheme. The final compounds 4e and 4i were evaluated for antihypertensive activities by non-invasive method using Tail Cuff method. Compound 4e and 4i were found to show highly significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure but at higher dose in comparison to standard drugs.The main objective present research work to synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of pyridazine analogues. To study the different synthesized derivative by using different analytical parameters. And also to find out the good pharmacologically active synthesized compounds. The studies on the hydralazine group drugs led to the synthesis of many pyridazinone derivatives with a wide activity spectrum on cardiovascular system. Pyridazinone derivatives, a class of compounds containing the N-N bond, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antidepressant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anticonvulsant, cardiotonic, anti HIV and anticancer etc. All the synthesized compounds were obtained in good yield by optimizing various synthetic procedures. The structures of the compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR and Mass spectral data analysis. The current work describes the synthesis of some new substituted pyridazine derivatives with encouraging antihypertensive activity by non-invasive method using Tail Cuff method. Some new dihydropyridazinone analogues were synthesized by a sequence of reactions starting from respective aryl hydrocarbons. Pyridazinone derivatives were synthesized under different reaction mechanism like Fredal craft acylation for substituted benzene, Claisen condensation and Manich reaction conditions. Total Ten compounds (4a-4i) were synthesized by mentioned scheme. The final compounds 4e and 4i were evaluated for antihypertensive activities by non-invasive method using Tail Cuff method. Compound 4e and 4i were found to show highly significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure but at higher dose in comparison to standard drugs.

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasa oushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These Oushadis possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Switrari Yoga is an important Rasaoushadi described in Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha Part 2 Kustha Prakarana which contains Shuddha Gandhaka, Shuddha Bhallataka (Semicarpus anacardium),Harithaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Bhringaraja, Nimba beeja The pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Churna Nirmana and preparation of capsule of Switrari Yoga. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Till now, no research work has been carried out to standardize this formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Switrari Yoga according to the method explained in the classical literature. 

Objective: To compare mean rise in temperature during provisional restoration by using Polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) versus bis-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) material. In this invitro study, a total number of 60 extracted maxillary central incisor teeth who were extracted because of any reason like orthodontic purpose and grade 2 and 3 mobility were included in this study. After inclusion, the teeth were divided into two groups on the basis of fabrication material used. In group I; Poly-methyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) was used for provisional restoration. And in group II; bis-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) was used for provisional restoration. Mean rise in pulp temperature was noted till 15 minutes after restoration. A total number of 60 teeth were selected, out of which 31 (51.67%) were right maxillary central incisor and 29 (48.33%) were left maxillary central incisor. mean rise in temperature was significantly high in PMMA group; 40.61±0.53 °C versus 39.39±0.54 °C in Bis-GMA group (p-value <0.0001). In patients who underwent provisional restoration of right maxillary central incisor, mean rise in temperature was 40.79+0.33 °C in PMMA group versus 39.41+0.53 °C Bis-GMA group (p-value <0.0001). In patients who underwent provisional restoration of left maxillary central incisor, mean rise in pulp temperature was 40.43+0.71 °C versus 39.39+0.46 °C (p-value <0.0001). So in conclusion we found that the mean rise in pulp temperature using Bis-GMA resin was significantly less as compared to the GMMA material. So Bis-GMA should be preferred over GMMA material for provisional restorations. 

There has been considerable interest in drug delivery research over the past few decades using Particulate delivery systems as carriers of small and large molecules. Particulate structures such as nanoparticles have been used as a physical tool to modify and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different types of drug molecules. They were used in-vivo to Protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, restrict the drug's access to the selected locations, and deliver the drug to the site of action at a controlled and sustained rate. Different carriers have been used to increase therapeutic benefit in the formulation of nanoparticles for drug delivery research, while minimizing side effects. Here we review different aspects of the formulation of nanoparticles, their characterization, their effects and their applications in the delivery of drug molecules. 

Medicinal plants play an important role for primary health care as a preventive and curative measure in different ailments. Ethnic peoples are the raw resources for innovation of new drugs for Indian system of medicine as well as a western system of medicine. Present study is on Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alst, belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae, a rare medicinal plant used to treat the maggot infected wounds by few ethnic peoples of Tumkur district of Karnataka. During literature survey found scanty scientific information about this plant. Therefore, attempts were made for pharmacognostic standardization of medicinally potential plant as a natural drug. The pharmacognostic approach towards the leaf constituent’s parameters such as stomatal index, palisade ratio; vein islets numbers. Anatomy of officinal parts, powder microscopy and phytochemical analysis was conducted. Stomatal index of upper surface is 13.51 No/sq.mm and lower surface is 18.13 No/sq.mm, vein islets number is 5.76/mm2, average palisade ratio is 1:6.5 No/unit areas. Pollinia are multicelluar with cellular caudicles and corpuscules. The anatomical structure of stem of this plant showed unique character, two broad vessels attached to the pericycle and lie opposite to each other. The powder microscopy reveals presence of reticulate vessels, latex cells and scleroids. These are the important characters for identification and authentication of drug. Presence of alkaloids, terpenes, steroids and other phytochemicals in the plants may be the potential source for healing chronic wound. These quantitative and qualitative pharmacognostic data are first step towards the establishing the identity and purity of botanical, to which are used as a natural drugs. So these parameters can be used as a quality control standard of this potential medicinal plant. 

A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of Dalfampridine in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on ODS C18 (4.6 x 250mm, 5?m) column using Acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 80:20 v/v,as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min, The retention time obtained for DFP was 2.98 min. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 20 ?g/ml of Dalfampridine . The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0%RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of Dalfampridine in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on ODS C18 (4.6 x 250mm, 5?m) column using Acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 80:20 v/v,as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min, The retention time obtained for DFP was 2.98 min. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 20 ?g/ml of Dalfampridine . The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0%RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. 

Molecules more than 500 Dalton normally do not permeable through skin. This prevents percutaneous delivery of the large molecular weight therapeutics as well as non-invasive transcutaneous immunization. The flexible or deformable vesicles are called as Transfersome which are derived from two words as ‘Transferred’ from Latin which means ‘To carry across’ and ‘Soma’ from Greek which means ‘Body’. The word transfersome was first introduced by Gregor Ceve in 1991. Elasticity is produced by incorporation of an edge activator in the lipid bilayer structure. The vesicular transferosomes have several orders of magnitude more elastic than the standard liposomes and therefore well suited for skin penetration. Transfersomes are composed of phosphotidyl choline which is self assembles into lipid bilayer in aqueous environment and closes to form a vesicle. The flexibility of transferosomes membrane is achieved by mixing suitable surface-active components in the proper ratios. The conclusion of this review is transfersome technology is best suited for noninvasive delivery of therapeutic molecule across open biological barriers. Transfersomes are applied in a non-occluded method to the skin and have been shown to cross through the stratum corneum lipid lamellar regions as a result of the hydration or osmotic force in the skin. They have been used as drug carriers for a range of small molecules, peptides, proteins and vaccines, both in vitro and in vivo. The methods of preparation of transferosomes are rotary film evaporation, reverse-phase evaporation, vortexing sonication, ethanol injection and freeze-thaw method etc. 

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to rationalize the prescribing pattern and drug management in geriatric patients. METHODS: This prospective study comprised a convenience sample of 150 cases related to geriatric patients admitted to Saptagiri hospital. RESULTS: In our 150 cases, 57% were females and 43% were males. Among them, 66% of patients were reported to have 2 diseases, 24% of patients were diagnosed with 3 disease while patients having >3 diseases were reported to be 10%. The chronic cases of diseases related to hypertension and diabetes were counted to be greater in frequency (DM: 23%, HTN: 49%, DM+HTN: 28%) .Amlodipine (5mg) was prescribed rationally for most of the hypertensive patients. Along with that, Human Actrapid (Insulin) and Metformin (oral hypoglycemic agent) was prescribed rationally for more number of diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: This result emphasized the rational use of geriatric medicine mostly related to the chronic condition of hypertension and diabetes. It shows the acceptability and tolerability of drugs prescribed for geriatric individuals.