The present research work was aimed to discover anti-viral and anti-dengue activity of the phytochemical constituents present in Commelina communis using Molecular docking studies. In this research work, we have screened 10 chemical constituents from Commelina communis through docking studies, in an effort to develop novel anti-dengue and anti-viral activity, the target enzymes were chosen for the study is 4M9K, 3P54, 2V33, 5FC8 and 5B1C using Argus lab 4.0.1 software. Among the 10 screened compounds of Commelina communis, shows best to moderate (-9.49194kcal/mol to –5.61913kcal/mol) binding energy and various bonding interactions against the targeted proteins. On the basis of docking study results, it can be concluded that chemical constituents of Commelina communis, serve as promising chemical probes to design therapeutic agents with anti-dengue, and antiviral properties.

Oral fast dissolving film (OFDF) is one such novel approach to increase consumer acceptance by virtue of rapid dissolution, self administration without water or chewing. The film is an ideal intraoral fast-dissolving drug delivery system. A large number of drugs can be formulated as mouth dissolving films, for example neuroleptics, cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, antihistamines, antiasthmatic and drugs for erectile dysfunction etc. There are many techniques were available to prepare the oral films at the buccal cavity. Buccal cavity is one the part of mouth and it’s having a mucosal layer rapidly absorbs and distributes the body. This review describes about preparation methods of oral films, selection of polymer for formulation, technologies, evaluation parameters and at last applications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world especially in developing countries. The primary objective of this study was to determine the quality of life in CVD patients living in Quetta, Pakistan and to provide better health to these patients in future. METHODS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional, questionnaire based survey was conducted in March 2016 to September 2016. Total 227 patients participated from different tertiary care hospitals in this study. Convenience sampling was applied due to short period of time. All the collected information was summarized through SPSS and then analyzes it manually. RESULTS: Research shows poor quality of life among CVD patients. Different articles were studied for this purpose. Total of 227 patients QoL was studied using MLHFQ instrument. Factors like age, sex, qualification, mostly affect the QoL. MLHFQ contains three different categories among which physical and emotional factors have worst impact on QoL. CONCLUSION: The result of the study shows poor quality of life of cardio vascular patients. In addition to CVD if people have some other chronic diseases then HRQoL of them is further lowering. For better QoL among these patient’s health programmers must be conducting to improve their QoL.

The present investigation deals with the preparation and evaluation of oilentrapped floating alginate beads of Ranitidine hydrochloride for sustained release. The beads were prepared by ionotropic emulsion-gelation method. The prepared beads were evaluated for percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, micromeretic studies, in-vitro drug release studies, stability studies. Ranitidine hydrochloride floating beads which are prepared with polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), were free flowing and showed almost spherical shape. The beads showed excellent floating properties throughout the study period. Polymer such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone effectively sustained the drug release from the bead formulations. It can be concluded that the polymer plays a major role in the design of formulation F12. Gastro retentive floating formulation containing Ranitidine hydrochloride (F12 Formulation) gave slow and maximum drug release over 12 h. The dissolution data was also plotted in accordance with korsemeyer-peppas model (where n is the release exponent).Applicability of data indicating Non-Fickian diffusion as mechanism of drug release. The drug release followed first order kinetics. Hence it was considered as the best formulation.

Arogyavardhini vati is a herbo-mineral formulation which is one of the most commonly used preparation in Ayurvedic clinical practice since ages. Objective: The present work was carried out with the view to comparatively evaluate three different and popular marketed formulations of Arogyavardhini Vati in order to confirm its quality and also to highlight the variations that may be present in them so that recommendations can be proposed regarding the quality and consistency of marketed formulations. Methods: Three different and popular marketed formulations of Arogyavardhini Vati were assessed comparatively for their organoleptic, physicochemical and phytochemical properties as per the methods prescribed in Pharmacopoeias. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that all the parameters of three brands of Arogyavardhini Vati had approximately similar values having difference in the values of Alcohol soluble extractives of Brand B and of Water soluble extractives of Brand A both having values comparatively lesser than the other two brands. There was also a considerable difference in the values of Hardness and Disintegration time of Brand B respectively. Conclusion: The data originated from the present study will be very useful for routine quality control and also to control the batch to batch variation among the formulations.

A precise & accurate stability-indicating analytical method was developed & validated for the estimation of related substances and degradants of allopurinol tablets. Stressed Conditions like exposure to acidic media (5N HCl), basic media (5N NaOH), oxidative media (10% H202), and photolytic degradation (254 nm) at room temperature and thermal degradation of tablets at 80ºC were conducted in order to develop a rapid and sensitive stability indicating Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP- HPLC) method. Allopurinol tablets showed significant degradation under all stress conditions and no peak observed at the retention time of allopurinol in the forced degradation study and degradation was under ICH limits. The method was linear in the range of 0.051–0.760 ?g/mL (10%-150%) allopurinol concentrations. Accuracy was determined by spiking allopurinol tablet solution with known impurities. Excellent recoveries of Impurities A, B, C (96 – 98.18 %) proved that the method was sufficiently accurate. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) of allopurinol were found to be 0.02?g/mL and 0.05?g/mL respectively. The LOD and LOQ of Impurity A, Impurity B and Impurity C were also determined. It was concluded that the developed method was precise and accurate for the determination of allopurinol and its degradants.

The main objective of the present study is to synthesize a series of 2-substituted-4,5-dimethyl imidazoles ( IM1-IM6) by refluxing butan-2,3-dione with different substituted aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid. The synthesized compounds IM1-IM6 was screened for antimicrobial activity. Out of 6 imidazole compounds IM3, IM4, IM6 exhibited moderate inhibition against gram negative bacterial species and especially against Escherichia coli while IM3, IM6 and IM4 showed maximum activity against most gram negative organisms. Against gram positive organisms almost all compound of the series exhibited maximum inhibition, especially IM2 and IM3 showed highest inhibition against B. megaterium. We can conclude that some compounds were exhibiting competent biological activity against both gram negative & gram positive bacterial species. Thus imidazole derivatives are having the significant anti microbial activity.

In an attempt to study the frequency and clinical spectrum of photodermatoses in varied populations of rural and urban areas at a tertiary referral centre in BHAVYA Skin speciality hospital located in Rajamahendravaram town of Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted from January 2016 - June 2016. We aim to find out the occurrence of photodermatoses by population based study, a total of 120 random participants; both male and female were included in the study with selection criteria. Patients of all age groups, Patients who were diagnosed with positive photo dermatoses, Patients who were willing to participate in the study, the type of photo dermatoses involved and most commonest one identified by Prospective, cross- sectional observation study in the Out-patient department of dermatology and venerology. The Research study begins with standard questionnaire for collecting patient’s demographic details, diagnosis of the presenting disease condition assesses the duration of exposure. The case study was reported for a period of six months and the data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed in Microsoft excel 2013 .The people with age group of 68years were prone to photodermatoses at the rate of 57% of total cases and ages of 52(43%) of cases. In our study we found that dark skinned individuals are most affected with photodermatoses than fair- skinned individuals. The gender analysis in study reported that females are more affected than males with 58% and 42% respectively. In conclusion we represent that incidence of disease was more in the mid summer i.e. in the month of may, housewives were more affected with photodermatoses than others and mainly affected sites are face and neck (42%) followed by upper limbs (26%).Papule (50%) was the most common rash observed in many of patients followed by Macule (17%) and plaque (15%) the majority of the lesions were erythematous. Polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) was the commonest photodermatoses noticed in many of the individuals followed by actinic purigo and chronic actinic dermatitis.

Background: Drug interactions are estimated to occur between 3% and 5% in patients to whom few drugs are prescribed and 20% among those who use 10 to 20 drugs simultaneously. In critical care units (CCUs), patients are at increased risk for the development of drug interactions due to use of more medications to treat multifaceted conditions of patients. Aim: To estimate incidence and to assess the predictors involved in causing potential drug-drug interactions in patients admitted to critical care units of a tertiary care hospital at Mysuru. Methodology: It was a prospective interventional study. All the patients who satisfied the study criteria were included in the study and patients were followed till their discharge. All the required data were collected and documented. Each prescription was subjected for review in order to identify the drug - drug interactions by using the standard references such as Micromedex, Medscape and Stockleys drug interaction. The incidence was estimated. The predictors of PDDIs were determined by using logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 500 patients, a total of 591 potential drug – drug interactions (PDDIs) were identified from 257 patients. The incidence of PDDIs was 51.4%. Anti – infectives for systemic use [n = 962] was widely used class of drugs. In most cases, Asprin (41.9%) and Furosemide (37.5%) were observed to be the index and interacting agent respectively. Age and multiple drug therapy were the predictors of PDDIs. Conclusion: The incidence of potential drug – drug interactions was high. As elderly patients and polypharmacy were observed to be predictors of PDDIs, cautious use of medicines in elderly population especially in patients receiving multiple drug therapy is warranted to prevent or minimize the PDDIs in critical care units.

To assess the effectiveness and outcomes of alcohol rehabilitation, in this study was carried out by considering and analysing the collect demographic data of patients such as age, sex, occupation, education, and obtain information on history of addiction, assess the type of treatment given to the patient and conclude the effectiveness of treatment. It is a prospective study will be conducted for a period of 6 months in the department of medicine at Neel Jeer hospital, Thadithota, Rajamahendravaram, we are includes the two hundred Patients and finally data will be collecting from the patient case reports and Standard Questionnaire from and analysed by using statistical significance by student spss-20.We are Includes all people who are undergoing treatment at alcohol rehabilitation centre and those who willing to participate in the study. We are concluding that the alcohol rehabilitation with enrolled patients was found to be effective. The income or profit which is procured by the government by selling of liquor is a direct loss to third part of the population, this comes under first category.

PASS is a web-based software tool which is used in the prediction of the biological activity spectrum of biologically active compounds based on their structure. The prediction tool uses the 2D structure of the compounds as the basic input and predicts the activities of even those compounds which are not synthesised and chemically tested yet i.e., only information about their structural formula is available till now. Hence comparing the structure of the input compound with the structures already present in the data base of the software and giving the activity spectrum of the that compound as the output. This makes the prediction of different biological effects of the compound such as pharmacological and toxicological effects of the organic drug molecules at early stages and therefore enabling users to identify potential leads of drugs and reducing development time of drugs in the field of research and development. PASS online is very well accepted by the users for its easy, efficient and time saving qualities, aiding in reduction of failures in the clinical trials and also finding new indications for the old drugs. The pass prediction tool gives the biological activities (including pharmacotherapeutic as well as toxic effects) of the input 2D structure as the result of prediction in the descending order of their probability ratios Pa:Pi (probability to be active : probability to be inactive), hence giving the output list in order of their most useful activities.

Sibr, Aloe barbadensis is a medicinal plant which has been used for thousands of years in Unani system of medicine. The health benefits of aloe vera are well known and accepted to scholars and researchers today. The genus Aloe has more than 400 species but few, such as A. vera, Aloe ferox, and Aloe arborescens are globally used for trade. Therapeutic uses are in diseases of head, ear, nose and throat, conjunctivitis, ulcers, tonsillitis, gastro-intestinal tract diseases, piles, skin diseases, malignant ulcers etc., in this system of medicine since centuries. The present review summarizes the pharmacological actions, therapeutic benefits and phytochemical constituents in light of pre-clinical and clinical studies done on aloe vera.

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical reverse phase Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous quantification of two anti-viral drugs, viz., Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir. The separation of both the drugs was achieved on Endeavorsil C 18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 2.5 ?m particle size) as a mobile phase with phosphate buffer (at pH 3): Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v). The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min and detection was done at 240 nm based on isobestic point. The retention time of Sofosbuvir and for Velpatasvir was 2.7 mins and 1.7 mins respectively. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The linearity of the method was evaluated at a range of 10 to 50?g/ml and 40 to 200?g/ml for sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir respectively. The Correlation Coefficient of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir were 0.999 each. Precision studies were carried out and % RSD of peak areas of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir was about 0.6 and 1.6 respectively. The percentage recoveries of both the drugs Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir from the tablet formulation were 99.79% and 99.95% respectively. Results obtained for LOQ, LOD and Robustness were well within the acceptance criteria. Validation results indicated that the method is linear, accurate, precise, and robust. The simple mobile phase composition makes this method cost effective, rapid, and non-tedious and can also be successfully adopted for simultaneous estimation of both drugs in commercial products.

Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Student’s t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Student’s t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Student’s t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis. 

Nare Farsi (Eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease posing a significant burden on health-care resources and patients' quality of life. It is a complex disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and combinations of symptoms. Nare Farsi (Eczema) affects up to 20% of children and up to 3% of adults. First manifestations of Nare Farsi (Eczema) usually appear early in life and often precede other allergic diseases such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. Individuals affected by Nare Farsi (Eczema) usually have genetically determined risk factors affecting the skin barrier function or the immune system. However, genetic mutations alone might not be enough to cause clinical manifestations of Nare Farsi (Eczema), and it is merely the interaction of a dysfunctional epidermal barrier in genetically predisposed individuals with harmful effects of environmental agents which leads to the development of the disease. Nare Farsi (Eczema) has been described as an allergic skin disease, but today, the contribution of allergic reactions to the initiation of Nare Farsi (Eczema) is challenged, and it is proposed that allergy is rather a consequence of Nare Farsi (Eczema) in subjects with a concomitant underlying atopic constitution. This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Leech therapy on Nare Farsi (Eczema) at RRIUM, Srinagar. Jammu and Kashmir. The results showed a significant improvement in sign and symptoms with (p<0.01). 

Dyslipidemia is basically a condition of abnormality of lipid levels measured in the blood, which includes either overproduction or deficiency of lipoproteins or both. It is a major health problem all over the world as it plays a pivotal role in development of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and is responsible for more than four million deaths annually. In view of high burden possess by dyslipidemia on community and non-availability of safe and effective treatment, medical fraternity is looking for more efficient and alternate management of it. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for Dyslipidemia,a conscientious attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old Unani formulation in the management of Dyslipidemia.