Herbal drugs have been most important selectiom of medicine in all cultures from ancient times. Various plant extract have been observed to show a multiplicity of biological activity such as immunomodulator activity, hepatoprotective activity, antilipidemic activity etc.  Plant extract great bioactivity in-vitro, but poor bioactivity in-vivo or in animal models. Basic reasons for the poor bioactivity of herbal extracts are that the bioactive components of these herbs have multiring molecular structures which cannot be permeate into the blood by simple passive diffusion and the bioactive phytoconstituents are most part water dissolvable, consequently, their destitute lipid dissolvbility. To overcome this drawback pharmaceutical researcher developed novel lipid based drug delivery system is advantageous in delivering the herbal drug at the site of action which minimize the toxic effect and increase the absorption and bioavailability. One delivery system designed to improve the in vivo solubility and hence bioavailability of ineffectively dissolvable herbal drugs involves the incorporation of standardized herbal extracts into phospholipids to form a lipidfriendly complex called a herbosome. The aim of present study is compile all herbosomes related data these are helpful for researchers. Herbal drugs have been most important selectiom of medicine in all cultures from ancient times. Various plant extract have been observed to show a multiplicity of biological activity such as immunomodulator activity, hepatoprotective activity, antilipidemic activity etc.  Plant extract great bioactivity in-vitro, but poor bioactivity in-vivo or in animal models. Basic reasons for the poor bioactivity of herbal extracts are that the bioactive components of these herbs have multiring molecular structures which cannot be permeate into the blood by simple passive diffusion and the bioactive phytoconstituents are most part water dissolvable, consequently, their destitute lipid dissolvbility. To overcome this drawback pharmaceutical researcher developed novel lipid based drug delivery system is advantageous in delivering the herbal drug at the site of action which minimize the toxic effect and increase the absorption and bioavailability. One delivery system designed to improve the in vivo solubility and hence bioavailability of ineffectively dissolvable herbal drugs involves the incorporation of standardized herbal extracts into phospholipids to form a lipidfriendly complex called a herbosome. The aim of present study is compile all herbosomes related data these are helpful for researchers.

According to the latest cancer statistics presented worldwide, there has been a dramatic increase in the rates of occurrence of some cancers, particularly in the more developed countries. Although many therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or cure this disease have been proposed and evaluated by clinicians and researchers, there remains a need to find more effective approaches. Monoclonal antibodies, that are produced in vitro, can be used in cancer treatment in a number of ways. They may enhance the immune system by reacting with certain types of cancer cells. They can be programmed to act against specific cell growth factors to interfere with the growth of cancer cells. Furthermore, they may be linked to anticancer drugs, radioactive substances, other biologic therapies, or other toxins (antibody – drug conjugates). Numerous studies have been done to find out the cure for cancer but to no avail. Herbals have been considered as efficient anticancer agents and their importance in the treatment and management of cancer cannot be overlooked. Present review is a sincere attempt to compile the most promising anticancer agents from plant origin and list their major cancer curative potentials.

Andrographis Paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant in the family of acanthaceae native to India and Shrilanka. Andrographis Paniculata has shown anti-bacterial property which makes it an essential herb in the treatment of various infections. This study was to check the effectiveness of Andrographis Paniculata against the microbial species Staphylococcus aurens, to observe the zone of inhibition and to develop a topical gel formulation of Andrographis Paniculata for the treatment of acne. The extraction was done by maceration method and continues with phytochemical screening and herbal gel formulation using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a base with different concentration 2%v/v, 4%v/v, 6%v/v and 8%v/v. The gel was evaluated for the physical appearance, ph, homogenicity and antibacterial activity. Different concentration of Andrographis paniculata methanolic extract exhibited relatively good antibacterial activity. It was concluded that the gel formulation having higher concentration (8%) is found to be good consistency compared to 2%, 4%, and 6%v/v and can be used to treat the antibacterial activity.

The research was aimed to formulate and evaluate floating tablets of Metoprolol Succinate using a combination of natural polymers such as guar gum and xanthan gum as well as a combination of natural and synthetic polymer such as guar gum and HPMC by direct compression and wet granulation method. Metoprolol succinate  is a ?1- selective adrenergic blocker, used in the management of hypertension, angina pectoris etc. Since the drug has relatively short half-life about 3-7hrs, multiple administration is required every 3-7hrs. The addition of gel-forming polymer, and gas-generating agent was essential to achieve buoyancy. Pre -compression parameters like angle of repose, flow rate, bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index and hausner's ratio of all formulations showed good flow properties. The four batches of floating tablets were formulated with different polymers and were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, Invitro buoyancy, swelling Index, Invitro drug release, adhesion retention period. The formulations containing  natural  polymers have better-sustained release. It releases the drug upto 12hrs and also shows good buoyancy. The formulation containing (Guar gum + Xanthan gum) prepared by wet granulation method was found to be best among all the formulation batches. It shows floating lag time (20sec) and prolonged floating duration upto (12 hrs) which was controlled release characteristic. The maximum release observed at 11 hrs was 98.88%. The result indicate that floating tablet of Metoprolol Succinate containing Guar gum and Xanthun gum  prepared by wet granulation method provide better option for controlled release and improve bioavailability.

Corticosteroid containing ocular formulation is very exigent tasks faced by the pharmaceutical industry while designing drugs acting on various ocular related diseases. Because ocular drug delivery faces various limitations like complex ocular anatomy and poor ocular bioavailability of drugs due to the high turnover rate of tears, lower corneal permeation, and rapid nasolacrimal drainage, and most important is irritation to the eye caused due to corticosteroid structure. The preferred dosage form for ocular delivery of corticosteroid is a solution or the ointment, but to sustain the level of drug at the target site during therapy is not possible so it is necessary to formulate novel drug delivery techniques. A large number of novel carrier drug delivery systems systems have been developed to overcome the above problems but among them, cubosomal drug delivery is a safe and effective technique for corticosteroid ocular drug delivery. Cubosomes are distinct, sub-micron; self assembles liquid crystalline particles having honeycomb (cavernous) structure which separate two internal aqueous channels and large interfacial area; having particle size ranges from 10-500 nm in diameter. This review briefly describes the ocular administration of corticosteroids with the cubosomal drug delivery system along with various drugs studied in ocular drug delivery, a method used for the preparation of Ocular cubosomes and its evaluation parameter. The benefits of cubosomal drug delivery will likely be applied widely in all treatment, diagnostic, and research aspects of ophthalmology in the future. 

Fumeria parviflora is (Fumariaceae) is an annual herb found throughout the world. Traditionally it has great significance in various disorders. Hence, the present study was intended to evaluate methanolic plant extract of Fumeria parviflora was studied by CCl4 at the dose of 1ml/kg of body weight in liquid olive oil in the ration of 1:1 and ATT (isoniazid -7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin -10 mg/kg and pyrizinamide -35 mg/kg b.w.) induced models. Acute toxicity study was also studied to evaluate the toxicity. There are no toxicity profile was observed in rats after oral administration of the methanolic plant extract at the dose of 2g/kg body weight. The different doses of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg administered with the extract of Fumeria parviflora there was significant (P < 0.001) reduction in Biochemical parameters with respect to control. Fumaria parviflora demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity as shown by its ability to control the effect was more at dose of 500 mg/kg for methanol fraction Phytochemical screening of the plant extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, and terpenoids. It can be concluded that the hepatoprotective activity elucidated by Fumeria parviflora could be mainly due to the presences of high value class of compound like phenolic group as the major content in the plant.

To develop a formulation this aids in antimicrobial and heavy metals removal property from water with merit of formulation’s portability and ecofriendly nature. Article includes use of herbs having potent antimicrobial and heavy metals removal property. A group of 4 herbs were taken and assayed against blank, ethanol and standard for antimicrobial property by disc diffusion method. Then herbs were assayed concentration wise for its most effective concentration to be utilized by disc diffusion method. For heavy metals removal activity herbal water was analyzed with limit test of water. Other than these 2 parameters water was analyzed with various BSI specifications for drinking water for ex- pH, turbidity, TDS, taste, color, and odor. Conclusion- Proposed article aims at justifying developing a formulation having mini side effects, ecofriendly nature, and portability, economic, doesn’t require power consumption and is very effective in natural calamities situation and remote areas.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of  cationic submicron emulsion as a colloidal drug delivery system for poorly-soluble Loteprednol etabonate in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome). Cationic submicron emulsion was formulated and optimized by preparation of a preemulsion followed by final emulsion by using a combined approach of mixing and heating. Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349; a Medium chain triglyceride was used as oil phase, Oleylamine as cationic lipid system and Cremaphor EL, Solutol HS 15 and Hydroxy Propyl methyl cellulose were used as the stabilizer surfactant systems. 0.2% w/w Loteprednol etabonate drug was incorporated in the optimised emulsion and the emulsion was high speed homogenised. The cationic submicron emulsion was evaluated for its pH, globule size, viscosity, zeta potential, osmolarity, drug content, stability and anti-inflammatory efficacy in moderate evaporative dry eye rabbit models against marketed eyedrops; Loteflam®(0.5% w/w Loteprednol etabonate). A stable cationic submicron emulsion containing 0.2% w/w Loteprednol etabonate with pH 7.22, globule size of 978 nm, viscosity of 2.41 cps, zeta potential of + 67.4 mV, osmolarity of 286 milliOsms, drug content of 94% was obtained which was found to have comparable anti-inflammatory efficacy as marketed Loteflam® (0.5% w/w Loteprednol etabonate) eye drops at a lower drug concentration when evaluated in moderate evaporative dry eye rabbit models. Conclusion: High speed homogenisation was found to yield a stable cationic submicron emulsion exhibiting  anti-inflammatory efficacy comparable to marketed formulation but at lower concentration in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

BACKGROUND:Adathodai Chooranam is a Siddha Poly herbal formulation which is specially indicated for Bronchial Asthma in Siddha  Sastric text.  The toxicological profile of the drug was not reported. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken as per WHO Guidelines to establish the toxicity profile of Adathodai Chooranam in an experimental animals which will render strong evidence for its safety in clinical use of Bronchial Asthma.  METHOD:In acute toxicity study a single oral dose (10× Therapeutic dose) of Adathodai chooranam 2.6 gm/kg body weight was administered in Swiss albino mice and the animals were observed for 14 days.  Gross pathology was performed at the end of the study.  In long term toxicity study  Adathodai Chooranam was administered in wistar albino rats at 270 mg/Kg body weight, 1, 350 mg/kg body weight, 2,700 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days. RESULT:  In acute toxicity study no treatment related death or toxic signs were observed.  The Long term toxicity study did not show any major toxic signs in the therapeutic dose level, when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The trial drug Adathodai Chooranam is safe  in the dose of 1.5 g for human adult  mentioned in the siddha literature.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prescribing pattern of non-Steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in orthopaedic department in tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in 120 patients for a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital. The data was collected in the suitable self-designed proformas.Patient prescribed with NSAIDS of bone and joint were used for the study. Patient demographics data,NSAIDS,prescribing pattern of specific disease of orthopaedics were analysed. RESUSLTS: From our study we found that (56.67% ) patients were female. The greatest number of patient (26.67%) belongs to age group 51-60 years. Aceclofenac (23.43% ) were the most frequently used drug.The combination of Aceclofenac and Paracetamol are most commonly used. Arthritis (12.63%) was found to be most common diagnosis.  CONCLUSION: In this study, most of the patients received NSAIDS for symptomatic relief. The drugs were mostly prescribed as oral dosage form. The use of selective NSAIDS were found to be least prescribed (12.63%)  whereas non-selective NSAIDS was found to be highly prescribed ( 87.36%). Monotherapy is preffered over two or three drug therapy. The prescribed drugs were mostly given by brand names (88.66%) and least given by given by generic name.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prescribing pattern of non-Steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in orthopaedic department in tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in 120 patients for a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital. The data was collected in the suitable self-designed proformas.Patient prescribed with NSAIDS of bone and joint were used for the study. Patient demographics data,NSAIDS,prescribing pattern of specific disease of orthopaedics were analysed. RESUSLTS: From our study we found that (56.67% ) patients were female. The greatest number of patient (26.67%) belongs to age group 51-60 years. Aceclofenac (23.43% ) were the most frequently used drug.The combination of Aceclofenac and Paracetamol are most commonly used. Arthritis (12.63%) was found to be most common diagnosis.  CONCLUSION: In this study, most of the patients received NSAIDS for symptomatic relief. The drugs were mostly prescribed as oral dosage form. The use of selective NSAIDS were found to be least prescribed (12.63%)  whereas non-selective NSAIDS was found to be highly prescribed ( 87.36%). Monotherapy is preffered over two or three drug therapy. The prescribed drugs were mostly given by brand names (88.66%) and least given by given by generic name.

BACKGROUND: Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) is a new class of material known as Orthobiologics. The aspirate is rich in mononuclear cells, of which bone marrow stem cells form an integral part, which develop into osteogenic cell lines and form bone at the site of injection. BMAC gives results similar to surgical methods of treating non-union such as bone grafting. The objective of our study is to investigate the efficacy of the proposed method and to assess the outcome as well as the complications of the procedure. AIM: To evaluate Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Non union of fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multi centre study by including twenty one patients who are diagnosed with non-union and delayed union of fractures. This is a non-randomized study. Bone Marrow is aspirated from the iliac crest. Ficoll solution is used for density gradient centrifugation for isolation of mononuclear stem cells. Later the concentrate is injected into the defect site. Bone formation was evaluated by x-rays in two standard planes. Level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS:The critical osseous defect reached observable union by a mean of 38 ± 1.38 weeks. A distance of 5 mm or less between the fractures ends resulted in healing. CONCLUSION: Obtained results indicate that the method is feasible and effective in the management of Non union and delayed union of fractures.

BACKGROUND: Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) is a new class of material known as Orthobiologics. The aspirate is rich in mononuclear cells, of which bone marrow stem cells form an integral part, which develop into osteogenic cell lines and form bone at the site of injection. BMAC gives results similar to surgical methods of treating non-union such as bone grafting. The objective of our study is to investigate the efficacy of the proposed method and to assess the outcome as well as the complications of the procedure. AIM: To evaluate Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Non union of fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multi centre study by including twenty one patients who are diagnosed with non-union and delayed union of fractures. This is a non-randomized study. Bone Marrow is aspirated from the iliac crest. Ficoll solution is used for density gradient centrifugation for isolation of mononuclear stem cells. Later the concentrate is injected into the defect site. Bone formation was evaluated by x-rays in two standard planes. Level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS:The critical osseous defect reached observable union by a mean of 38 ± 1.38 weeks. A distance of 5 mm or less between the fractures ends resulted in healing. CONCLUSION: Obtained results indicate that the method is feasible and effective in the management of Non union and delayed union of fractures.

Background- Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive, rapidly metastasizing and prevalent type of malignancy globally and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim- The study aims at analyzing the epidemiological patterns of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in South India. Materials and methods- This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data conducted at a government cancer hospital after the ethics committee clearance. The study was conducted for a duration of six months (October 2019 to March 2020). Required patient’s data was collected from their case sheets. Obtained data was then entered and analyzed in SPSS. Results- 140 patients were included in the study, majority (70%) were males and 30% were females. The male: female ratio was 2.3:1. Large number of patients were within the age group of 41-60 years and about 63% were smokers and 37% were non-smokers. The most common type of histology was adenocarcinoma (60%) and common symptom at presentation was SOB in majority of patients. Statistically higher occurrence of all the histology types were seen in smokers than non-smokers. Bone followed by lung were the most common sites of metastases. A significant correlation was found between the adenocarcinoma histology among non-smokers and squamous cell histology among smokers. Most of the subjects were diagnosed in advanced stages (stage-4), thus treatment provided was mostly palliative in nature. Subjects with adenocarcinoma and with EGFR mutation were benefited when treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) Gefitinib. Conclusion- Smoking still remains the major risk factor. Males and smokers are at a higher risk of developing lung cancer when compared to females and non-smokers. Adenocarcinoma is the most commonly seen type of histology among non-smokers and squamous cell type of histology among smokers. Our study demonstrates the global shift of rise in adenocarcinoma histology in India. This information may help the clinicians for better understanding of the present scenario of the NSCLC histology epidemic which may further help in planning of better health care interventions.

The plant Ageratum conyzoides is widely used in folk medicine in the Villages in west UP and Uttarakhand, India. The aim of this study is evaluate the anti bacterial study of the n-hexane, Chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extract of the Ageratum conyzoides (Linn.) leaves belonging to family Asteraceae were investigated against Two Gram positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae as well as Three Gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebisella pneumoniae. Because of such concerns, the necessity to find potentially fruitful, healthy safer and natural alternative preservatives is increased. Plant extracts have been used to control food poisoning defect and preserve foodstuff. Agar disc diffusion techniques were used for in-vitro antibacterial Screening. Methanolic extract was potentially effective with variable efficiency against the tasted four bacterial stains Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebisella pneumoniae at concentration of 70 mg/m. Methanolic extract was the most effective plant extract and showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against the highly susceptible strains of food borne pathogenic bacteria with MIC’s ranged from 16.0 to 32.0 mg/ml. Antibacterial activity of total five bacteria were used for evaluation of n-hexane chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of Ageratum conyzoides. Result of zone of inhibition showed in both tables. Water extract negative test for all five bacterial strain. Antibacterial activity was measured by noting zone of inhibition in disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentration was also noted. Methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides for use as antibacterial drug.