Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global pandemic of the 21st century estimated to cause 10 million deaths a year by 2050. Bacterial multidrug resistance poses an ever increasing threat to mankind and we are at the dawn of post-antibiotic era. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) comes under the high priority in the global priority pathogen list by WHO, is a well-recognized public health problem. Alternative medical practices including Ayurveda provides several age old wisdom in conditions of infections and epidemics. An in vitro study was conducted against Staphylococcusaureus(SA) and MRSA to test the efficacy of a common multi-herbal formulation, Vilvadi tablet (VT) which is indicated in Ayurveda for infections. Methodology: Successive solvent extraction with Cyclohexane (CH), Ethyl acetate (EA), Acetone (AC), and Methanol (MET) (70%) along with phytochemical screening and HPTLC profiling was done. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the Well diffusion method against Vancomycin as standard drug.The drug extracts were tested at doses of 15?g/ml, 30 ?g/ml, 60 ?g/ml,120 ?g/ml,240 ?g/ml and 480 ?g/ml. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for the extracts. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Dunnett?s multiple comparison test against the standard Vancomycin. Statistical significance was fixed at 5 % level. Results and discussion: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, phytosterols, glycosides, resins, fixed oils and fats. HPTLC profile showed 12 peaks and 9 peaks at 254nm and 366nm respectively. In SA, AC (21.50+1.22 mm) and EA (21.33+1.55 mm) extracts at 480 ?g/ml showed statistically significant inhibition as comparable to Vancomycin (24.67+1.15 mm). In MRSA, EA extract at 480?g/ml (39.33+3.05 mm), 240 ?g/ml (36.33+1.15 mm) and 120?g/ml (28.67+1.15) and AC extract at 480?g/ml (33.0+1.33), 240?g/ml (28.00+2.00 mm) showed inhibition similar to that of standard drug (22.67+1.15 mm). The MIC for SA in EA extract was 143.9?g/ml and for AC extract was 138.1?g/ml respectively. In MRSA, EA extract showed an MIC of 123.91 ?g/ml and AC extract showed 139.27 ?g/ml respectively. Vancomycin on the other hand was reported to have an MIC of 0.25- 1 ?g/ml for SA and 0.125-1 ?g/ml for MRSA. Conclusion: The present study showed statistically significant inhibition of SA and MRSA by the AC and EA extracts of VT. A higher dose of 123.91?g/ml and 139.27 ?g/ml of EA and AC extracts were found equivalent to that of Vancomycin. These extracts at 480 ?g/ml, 240 ?g/ml and 120 ?g/ml doses produced bacterial growth inhibition at par with standard antibiotic Vancomycin. This study highlights the efficacy of multi- herbal formulations in combating antibiotic resistant infections which can be utilized in clinical condition after thorough research and thus answers a solution for drug resistant infections.

The present aim to formulate microspheres of diclofenac sodium loaded into micro emulsions, to attain sustained release of drugs in oral route of administration and minimize dosing frequency through site specific or pH Dependent drug delivery system. The method of proposed work performed in two steps. In first step, the production of microspheres by emulsification method using eudragit RS100 polymer as a coating material in presence of methanol as a solvent and then performed the evaluation studies like particle size and entrapment efficiency to select the Optimize microspheres. In the second step followed the phase titration method in which the optimized Microspheres loaded   into aqueous phase in presence of emulsifying agent (tragacanth) to get micro emulsion then carried out in-vitro evaluation, viscosity and stability studies. The results found to be microspheres shows good entrapment efficiency and proper size distribution. On the basis of Invitro dissolution data found that, all formulations (F1-F6) were showed the drug release after defines the lag period made possible. The study revealed that entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release was best in F4 formulation was concluded. It will recommend as novel approach for future research.

The objective of the present work is to formulate and evaluate buccal films of domperidone using natural(dehydrated banana powder, Hibiscus mucilage), synthetic(sodium starch glycolate) and semi synthetic(Croscarmellose)  super disintegrants. Preliminary studies were conducted for the pure drug and other excepients. The FTIR studies revealed that there was no interaction between drug and excepients. As Domperidone belongs to BCS class II having low solubility, its solubility gets enhanced by complexation with Hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin by kneading method. These complexes were used to prepare buccal films by solvent casting method. The prepared buccal films were evaluated for Disintegration time,folding endurance,weight variation etc.The dispersion studies were done in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The work has done to study the effect of super disintegrants on the disintegration time of the buccal films.

The most popular route of administration of a Drug is oral route, but some conventional dosage forms have its own problems like short gastrointestinal transit time, fluctuations in blood plasma levels, low bioavailability problems. Tablets are the most commonly and widely used dosage form. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a class of medications called third generation Cephalosporin Antibiotics, it is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Gonorrhea and infections of the Skin, Ear, Sinuses, Throat, Tonsils and Urinary Tract. It has Minimum dose of 200 mg and 800 mg Maximum in a day. Many researchers developed Cefpodoxime Proxetil matrix dosage form which can give a prolonged therapeutic effect. But, in this formulation Cefpodoxime Proxetil is combined with three different Natural Gums [Karaya Gum, Acacia Gum and Guar Gum] they also act as Natural Binders in the dosage form due to their good binding abilities. The formulation was developed as a sustained release matrix dosage form in an oral tablet with a dose of 300 mg/tablet. Pre and Post- Compression parameters were done in the study, and In-Vitro drug dissolution study were conducted, but further In-Vivo study is Required/Recommended, And Future research is recommended.

Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) is a rare clinical disorder characterized by clinical syndrome coarse tremors, anaemia and regression of motor acute or gradual onset of mental and psychomotor changes; pigmentation disturbances of hair and skin, pallor, mental milestones in children of around between 5 months to 3 years of age. Exact incidence is not known. The disorder is common in exclusively breast fed infant of vegetarian mothers most of the children eventually recover but are frequently left with cognitive, language, neurodeficits and death which is associated with some life threatening disease or condition this as review attempt to provide comprehensive and up to date information on the subject. Here, an 11-month-old boy with normal development who was born to a non-consanguineous marriage was taken to the hospital with the main complaint of creeping fever since two days' worth of loose stools eight to ten times per day and three to four episodes of vomiting. On investigation Head to toe had an open anterior font, sparse hair, and hyper pigmented knuckles on the upper limbs. Additionally, the red pigment on the lips and abnormally flat or broad nails were signs of pre-ITS and severe anaemia. After starting the suggested course of treatment, the symptoms considerably improved. Child was transferred to the intensive care unit (PICU) after experiencing sudden spikes in fever, passing black tarry stool, abdominal distension, and congestive cardiac failure. The child was later diagnosed as having pre-ITS septicemia and severe anaemia secondary to bleeding in the CCF.

A Precise, Specific, Accurate, Robust and Rugged stability indicating RP-UPLC method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Favipiravir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form (Tablets) was carried out by UPLC Instrument with Waters Acquity C18 (100mmx2.7mm ID) 1.7?m column as stationary phase by using mobile phase in Isocratic mode with a mixture of 20mM Phosphate Buffer of pH 2.5: Acetonitrile: Methanol (50:30:20 v/v/v)at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min and detection was carried out at 254nm. The Retention time of Favipiravir was 1.62 min. System precision results obtained within the acceptance criteria i.e., %RSD < 2.0. Correlation coefficient value obtained to be more than 0.999 and % Recovery for Favipiravir was obtained in between 98.0 to 102.0 in this method. In method precision, mean %Assay obtained between 95.0 to 105.0%. In forced degradation study, main analyte peak purity was passed; degradation also obtained in the range of 5-30%. Hence method is concluded as stability indicating.

The aim of the study is drug utilization evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in a tertiary care hospital. The objective of the study is to evaluate the prescribing pattern of drug used in chronic kidney disease, to assess medication adherence to treatment, to assess major drug interactions. A prospective and hospitalbased study was conducted on in – patients admitted in tertiary care teaching hospital. Data regarding patient’s demographic details, diagnosis, complete prescription, and any other information will be collected in a predesigned pro forma. The study included 150 patients , among them 88 males and 62 were females . Among the study population majority of patients were in the age group 41-60years 65 (43.3%) . Among all medications the major class of drugs prescribed were cardiovascular drugs followed by vitamins and minerals (20.9 %). Out of 1053 drugs prescribed,582 drug interactions were identified and 119 (20.4 %) drugs shows major drug interactions, 459(78.8%) and 146(97.3%)prescription shows polypharmacy.The present study concluded that one of the most critical elements in patients with CKD is the use of polypharmacy to treat a variety of co-morbid illnesses. The failure of pharmacological therapy and an extension of the hospital stay can both be caused by polypharmacy, which can predispose to drug interactions. However, this risk can be reduced and patient care can be enhanced with the active involvement of clinical pharmacists in clinical activities.