The objective of the present work is preparation and physicochemical characterization of nateglinide (NT)-cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex both in solution state and solid state and to enhance the dissolution properties of nateglinide via complexation with ?-cyclodextrin (?CD). Inclusion complexes are prepared by kneading and micro wave irradiation methods. The prepared inclusion complexes were investigated in solution state by phase solubility studies and solid state by DSC, FTIR, powder XRD and in vitro dissolution studies. Phase solubility studies revealed 1:1M stoichiometric inclusion complexes. A true inclusion complex of Nateglinide with ?-Cyclodextrin at 1:1 and 1:2M in solid state was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and powder XRD. In vitro dissolution data suggests the improvement of dissolution of Nateglinide-?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were superior when compared to pure. Overall microwave irradiation method showed superior dissolution properties when compared to kneaded systems and physical mixtures.  Thus, from the research work it was concluded that aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of NAT can be improved by complexation with cyclodextrin.

Background: Development of antibiotic resistance is an increasing global concern, for which several authorities have developed some programs. Antimicrobial stewardship program is developed to limit the unnecessary use of antibiotics which helps reducing antibiotic resistance. To do so, AMSP have developed several strategies. One such strategy is called intravenous-to-oral conversion of antibiotics.Objectives: The study was aimed to determine different IV-to-PO conversion methods, in accordance with antimicrobial stewardship program, and to find the influence of conversion on the length of hospital stay. Also to compare the cost of intravenous and oral antibiotics, identifying which one is economical and more convenient for the patient.Approach:A prospective observational study was conducted for 200 patients at a secondary care hospital in Surat from October 2021 to march 2022.Patients who were hospitalized for >= 24 hrs and administered with IV antibiotics were included the study.Results: Out of 200 patients,161 (80.5%) were converted from IV-to-PO, and 39 (19.5%) were not converted. It was found that 82 (41%) patients were prescribed antibiotics as prophylaxis therapy, 26 (13%) were given empirical therapy, and 92 (46%) had documented infections. A total of 470 antibiotics were prescribed during the study, in which most prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins 231 (49.14%).LOHS for patients not converted from IV-to-PO was 1.43 days longer than that of the converted cases. The LOHS for patient converted from IV-to-PO was significantly shorter (p<0.05) than those who were not converted. After conversion from IV-to-PO, average cost saved for single therapy was INR 125.62 (47.54%).Conclusion: Along with reducing the development of antibiotic resistance, timely and appropriate switching of antibiotics from IV-to-PO route could reduce the length of hospitalization and economic burden of the patient. It will also eliminate IV line infections. So this strategy should be promoted and implemented. Future research is recommended.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's seventh most common cancer and the third leading cause of mortality. Herbal drugs are important in health, especially in remote areas of developing countries with few healthcare facilities. Several studies have found that using medicinal plants to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases is effective. In India, hepatocellular carcinoma is a common complication of chronic liver disease. Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer death. As a result, more research into the tumor cycle and its prevention through appropriate herbal (Unani/Ayurvedic) medication are critical to mitigating the deadly disease's effects. According to WHO estimates, approximately three-quarters of the world's population now uses herbs or traditional medicines to treat a variety of ailments, including liver diseases.Animal models and liver cancer cell lines are used to investigate the treatment efficacy against various chemically induced liver damage.Antioxidants derived from medicinal plants and common dietary sources can protect the liver from damage caused by chemicals and the oxidative stress mechanism.We conducted a comprehensive literature review to determine the role of various herbs with liver protective and antioxidant properties, and the results are presented here. This data will be useful to researchers working on liver carcinoma and free radical scavenging, both of which are significant in removing potential carcinogens.

Drug induced agranulocytosis is encountered in patients on anti-thyroid medications, ranging from mild forms to life threatening situations. Expeditious discontinuation of the offending drugs helps to resolve agranulocytosis. Various parametric values are evaluated to monitor the side effects of Carbimazole. One main parameter includes the evaluation of TLC (Total Leukocyte Count). In this case report we are going to emphasize carbimazole induced agranulocytosis. Clinicians should be extremely conscious about such events and complete blood count monitoring helps to circumvent such situations.