ABSTRACT The latex is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food industry as in paper, textile and petroleum industries also. The present study was carried out to assess the potential antimicrobial activity of methanolic, ethanolic and chloroform extracts of fruit latex of Artocarpus communis against different pathogenic bacteria and fungus. All three extracts were found to show good to moderated activity against bacteria namely Gram +ve (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram –ve (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeurignosa) and fungal stains namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In methanolic extract major activity was perceived on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and among fungi Aspergillus niger. In ethanolic extract maximum activity perceived on bacteria Escherichia coli and amongst fungi Aspergillus flavus. In chloroform extract determined activity was observed on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and between fungus Candida albicans. Maximum activity was observed on bacterial strains compared with fungal strains. In all three extracts Minimum inhibitory concentrations were in the range of 12.5-25 mg/ml. In addition, quantitative phytochemical estimations of assured active compounds like Total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, glycosides, and alkaloids were found to be in considerable quantities.

Abstract

Various 2(5'- substituted phenyl 1',3',4' oxadiazol-2'-yl) amino-6-fluoro-7-substituted (1,3)-benzothiazoles have been synthesized by condensing the compound one with hydrazine hydrate  in the presence of ethanol gave the substituted semicarbazide. Further it is refluxed with various substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of ethanol. Further, they have been screened for their anthalimintic, anti-inflamatory ( invivo and invitro ) and anticonvulsant activities.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder in which a person has high blood sugar because either the body does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond to the insulin. Targeted drug delivery for the treatment of Diabetes using nanotechnology is one of the recent advances in nanomedicine. Polymeric nanoparticles, either natural or synthetic have been used as matrices for oral antidiabetic drug delivery. Natural polysaccharides, due to their outstanding merits, have received more and more attention in the field of drug delivery systems. In particular, polysaccharides seem to be the most promising materials in the preparation of nanometeric carriers. The natural polyelectrolyte polysaccharides polymers mainly used for oral anti diabetic drug delivery, positive polyelectrolyte polysaccrides is widely explored owing to its ease of chemical modification and favorable biological properties. In addition, many advantages such as safety, biodegradability, widespread availability and low cost justify the continuing development of promising hypoglycemic drug delivery system. This manuscript palpably discusses the polyelectrolyte polysccrides polymeric nanoparticles drug delivery systems in the treatment of diabetes.

In this study, quality of life of asthmatic patients was significantly improved with the combination therapy deriphylline with salbutamol than deriphylline with dexamethasone. Either combination or monotherapy was not found to be effective in improving cognitive function in these patients

Sustained release tablets of Valsartan were fabricated using pectin, guar gum and Xanthan gum. The tablets were evaluated for physical characteristic like hardness, weight variation, friability, and drug content. In vitro release of drug was performed in PBS pH 7.2 for fifteen hours. All the physical characters of the fabricated tablet were within acceptable limits. The tablet with guar gum exhibited greater swelling index than those with pectin and xanthan gum. A better controlled drug release (80.74%) was obtained with the matrix tablet (G4) made-up of the guar gum than with the pectin and xanthan gum. It is cleared through the dissolution profile of Valsartan from matrix tablets prepared using different natural polymers were retarded approx 15 hrs. 

The objective of the present investigation is to formulate gastroretentive dosage form of Nizatidine, a H2-receptor antagonist widely prescribed in gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers. The short biological half-life (1 - 2 hours), maximum absorption in initial part of small intestine, colonic metabolism of Nizatidine favors’ development of gastro retentive floating dosage form. In the present study Nizatidine floating tablets were prepared by effervescence method using sodium bicarbonate as a gas generating agent. The tablets were formulated using direct compression technology by employing semi synthetic polymers like various grades of HPMC such as HPMC K4M, K15M, K100M and natural polymers like xanthan gum and kondagogu gum. drug-excipient compatible studies by FTIR and DSC , The FTIR and DSC study revealed that there is no drug-excipient interaction. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters such as flow properties, hardness, weight variation, friability, in vitro buoyancy (floating lag time, total floating time), swelling studies, drug content and in-vitro drug release. The in vitro drug release pattern of Nizatidine floating tablets was fitted to different kinetic models which showed highest regression for zero order kinetics with non fickian diffusion mechanism. Out of all formulations the one prepared with combination of HPMC K4M and K15M was optimized based on desired sustained release time (12hrs) and acceptable floating properties. 

Acne is an inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of skin. The present study was conducted to formulate and evaluate the topical anti acne formulation of coriander oil and coriander aqueous extract with and without penetration enhancer. Then these formulations were compared with each other to establish the effect of penetration enhancer. The antibacterial activity of Coriander oil and aqueous extract against Propionibacterium acne (P.acne) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) was investigated by disc diffusion method and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution method. The topical formulations were developed separately without penetration enhancer (menthol) and further two formulations were developed separately with penetration enhancer. These formulations were subjected to the drug content uniformity, invitro diffusion and skin permeation studies. The results showed that coriander oil possesses greater potency as compared to the aqueous extract as the MIC values of 1%v/v and 1.1%v/v were obtained for oil against P.acne and S. epidermidis respectively. The incorporation of penetration enhancer resulted in the formulations with increased drug content, invitro release and permeation. The statistical analysis showed that menthol incorporation led to the significant increase in the permeation of both types of formulations. All the formulations followed the first order release and higuchi model was found to be the most suitable one. 

A Fast dispersible tablets disintegrate either rapidly in the oral cavity without the need of water or chewing. Citalopram hydrobromide is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with minimal norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake and Tolerance to the 5-HT selective inhibitor. It is frequently used off-label to treat anxiety greatly reduce the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and premature ejaculation and effective in the treatment of post- stroke pathological crying. It is estimated that 12% of the population affected by this problem. In order to calm the anxiety disorder the present study was aimed to formulate fast dispersible tablets to resolve the difficulties of pediatric and geriatric patients. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different superdisintegrants with different concentration such as Crosscarmellose sodium, crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate for their suitability in terms of drug release efficiency. 12 formulations having superdisintegrants alone and its combination at different concentrations (7.5, 10, 12.5 mg) were prepared. Effect of superdisintegrant on wetting time, dispersion time, drug content and in vitro release has been studied. Tablet containing crosscarmellose sodium showed excellent in vitro dispersion time and drug release as compared to other formulations. After study of nine formulations CP4 to CP6 showed fast dispersion time and maximum drug release in 7min and 5 min respectively. It was concluded that the fast?dispersible Citalopram tablets could be prepared by direct compression method using crosscamellose sodium superdisintegrants for effective therapy 

In present research work attempt was made to estimate Metformin Hydrochloride and Glimepiride in combined Tablet formulations by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method. The dosage form contains 2 mg of Glimepiride and 500 mg of Metformin HCL and the ratio of both drugs in the dosage form is 1:250. Metformin HCL is freely soluble in water whereas Glimepiride is practically insoluble in water. So first both drugs are separated by solvent extraction method and then individually determined by UV absorbance method. Literature survey revealed that liquid chromatographic method and UV spectrophotometric method have been reported for estimation of Metformin HCL from combined dosage form. Also liquid chromatographic method and UV spectrophotometric method have been reported for estimation of Glimepiride23 from combined dosage form. 

Solubility plays an important role in dissolution and absorption of drug. Paracetamol has less solubility in aqueous media and belongs to class IV drug according to biopharmaceutical classification system.The aim of present study was to study the effect of different solubility enhancing agents at room temperature on the solubility of paracetamol. Different solubility enhancing agents like ?-cyclodextrin, Hydroxypropyl-?- cyclodextrin, mannitol, urea and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) in various concentrations like 0.25 % w/v, 0.5 % w/v, 0.75 % w/v and 1.0 % w/v were used to study the solubility of paracetamol in water as well as phosphate buffer pH 7.4 system. 

Caesalpinia pulcherrima is also known as peacock flower. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant found in West Indies; common throughout Sonaran deserts, naturalized in Texas. Phytochemical study of the plant reveals that the plant contains various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, sterols, triterpines etc. Two caesalpin-type furanoditerpenoids and sitisterol were isolated from the wood of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The chemical structures were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data. 

A simple, specific, accurate and stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid Chromatographic method was developed and validated for determination of related substances in Tazarotene gel. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using Waters symmetry 150 × 3.9mm, 5? column as stationary phase while mobile phase A was buffer: organic modifier, 40:60 v/v (Buffer=10 mM KH2PO4 with pH 3.0 by orthophospheric acid and organic modifier = methanol: tetra hydrofuran, 95:5 v/v) and mobile phase B as organic modifier. Method was developed in gradient mode with 55 minutes, at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Effluents were monitored at 325 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, limit of detection, robustness and solution stability. The RRF (relative response factor) values of impurity-A, impurity-B, impurity-C determined from linearity study were 0.99, 1.78 and 1.24 respectively. Limit of quantification of Tazarotene, impurity-A, impurity-B and impurity-C was found to be 0.02 ?g/mL, 0.02 ?g/mL, 0.01 ?g/mL and 0.01 ?g/mL respectively. Recovery was found to be in the range of 95-105%. The method was proved to be robust with respect to changes in flow rate, buffer pH and column temperature. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of related substances in Tazarotene topical formulation.