Due to increased activities of animal welfare organization and consideration of animal rights there has been a decline in animal testing in recent years. People are getting concerned for the animal involved in the cosmetic testing as the experiment performed on animals are cruel, painful, distressing, unethical, time consuming and generally inapplicable to human. The animal involved are generally crammed in cages all their life. They are sometimes tortured beyond the ethical limit. Various organization and countries have banned the animal testing for cosmetics. The European Union was the first one to ban animal testing of cosmetic in March 2013. While India imposes the ban on animal testing of cosmetic in November 2013. Cruelty-free cosmetics are those which while being developed were not tested in animals. Various animal free testing method are being developed for cosmetic which include human simulators, computer modelling etc. There are many organizations such as PETA, Cruelty free international, rise for animal etc. who are working toward preserving animal rights and welfare. Thus to embrace the change and efforts to make people more aware and sensitive towards animal cruelty and exploitation to protect animal rights as well as environment and to encourage futuristic approach for further development as well as to increase the use and demand of cruelty free cosmetic.

The pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be a giant downside worldwide. Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is presently managed with general glucocorticoids that improves survival rate in COVID-19 patients. Sadly, the in depth use of glucocorticoids will cause secondary microorganism or fungal infections. Whereas COVID-19 associated pulmonic aspergillosis is progressively recognized than mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is associate uncommon however serious infection that screw up the course of severe COVID-19. Mucormycosis is also a critical invasive fungal infection that arises notably in diabetic patients with or while not different underlying conditions like medical specialty malignancies or the need for solid-organ transplantation. Rhino-orbito-cerebral involvement is that the first website of mucormycosis, however the scarcity of signs may even be a reason for delayed identification. Contemporaneous hormone medical care most likely heightens the danger of mucormycosis. A high index of distrust and aggressive management is needed to boost outcomes.

Epsom salt is a crystallized form of magnesium, unlike sodium table salt. It is also known as heptahydrated Magnesium sulphate. It is commonly consists of magnesium, Sulphate and oxygen. We had mainly focused on its Properties, importance, adverse effect, contraindication, uses, Different classes, application based formulation and its Pharmacological properties. Based on properties it is non-toxic, odour-less, neutral in pH, bitter in taste and soluble in water. Where as it has Vast field in uses such as relieving body stress, reducing muscle Soreness and relieving muscle cramps, it improve blood circulation, Used in treating constipation and also used in cosmetic purposes such as for detoxifying the skin and providing nourishment to the skin. It Cleans the pores and control the body acne. In these we had coverd its adverse effect due to overdose consumption such as nausea, Vomiting, diarrhoea, colitis and toxic megacolon. This salt is effective for all types of skin. Thereby we also mentioned its Formulation which is mainly used in the market as a bath salt along with its benefits, direction of use and safety.

Qalai (Tin) is a silvery white, soft, malleable, ductile, water insoluble and crystalline metal. The medicinal use of Qalai (tin) was reported in the Middle Ages as an agent expelling intestinal worms. It is generally used in Unani Medicine in the form of Kushta (calx). Oral use of raw Qalai is not recommended due to its toxic effects. It is added in the preparation of Kushta after detoxification/purification. In this article entire information regarding temperament, dose, action, uses and toxicity has been incorporated from available Unani literature. Physicochemical standard of Kushta Qalai and its pharmacological, toxicological studies published in different journals have been summarized. This article will be helpful for researchers to conduct further studies.

A series of novel Ivermectin derivatives are synthesized at position 4”-hydroxyl group of oleandrosyl moiety using Dicyclohexyl cabodiimide (DCC) and Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Derivatives synthesized by Steglich Esterification reaction between variety of carboxyl containing potent NSAIDs and 4”- hydroxyl of Ivermectin. Their chemical structures were characterized by means of IR, 1H NMR. These newly synthesized derivatives tested for in vitro anthelmintic activity against earthworms of species Pheretima posthuma. In present work, our aim to synthesize 4”-ester derivatives of Ivermectin with carboxyl containing potent NSAIDs to improve the potency of anthelmintic activity. To develop avermectins modified at the 4”-position, we attempted Steglich Esterification reaction of the 4”-hydroxy derivatives to introduce ester groups in presence of DMAP and DCC. The Steglich Esterification reaction would be useful for esterification between carboxyl and hydroxyl group using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as coupling agent and Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst. In this letter, we report the synthesis of new 4”-ester derivatives with potent NSAIDs and their biological activities.

The most adaptable and complicated organ in the human body is the brain. It is protected by the skull bones, a semi-permeable membrane barrier that is highly selective i.e., blood-brain barrier (BBB), and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). BBB separates the flowing blood from the brain without isolating the brain from other elements of the human body. The blood-brain barrier and also blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier prevents the entry of lipophilic neurotoxins into the brain. Besides this they only allow selective materials into the brain which maintains homeostasis in the brain, thereby protecting the CNS. There are several techniques to incorporate the drug in the blood brain barrier for the essential treatments of brain and allied diseases which are broadly classified into three basic groups like intensive techniques, non-intensive techniques and miscellaneous techniques and they are further classified with several techniques. Beside this there are some latest approaches like dendrimers, scaffolds, modified nanoparticles also play major role in brain targeted drug delivery. In a nutshell it can said that in modern day there are lots of approaches which are helpful for the researcher to explore the system of drug delivery to the brain.The most adaptable and complicated organ in the human body is the brain. It is protected by the skull bones, a semi-permeable membrane barrier that is highly selective i.e., blood-brain barrier (BBB), and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). BBB separates the flowing blood from the brain without isolating the brain from other elements of the human body. The blood-brain barrier and also blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier prevents the entry of lipophilic neurotoxins into the brain. Besides this they only allow selective materials into the brain which maintains homeostasis in the brain, thereby protecting the CNS. There are several techniques to incorporate the drug in the blood brain barrier for the essential treatments of brain and allied diseases which are broadly classified into three basic groups like intensive techniques, non-intensive techniques and miscellaneous techniques and they are further classified with several techniques. Beside this there are some latest approaches like dendrimers, scaffolds, modified nanoparticles also play major role in brain targeted drug delivery. In a nutshell it can said that in modern day there are lots of approaches which are helpful for the researcher to explore the system of drug delivery to the brain.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Fractures are one among the medical conditions which can be healed fastly with the help of plant extracts like Cissus quadrangularis (a perennial climber) and it might not be a necessary ailment required for fracture healing but many studies have concluded the possibility of fastening the healing process. Animal and human examinations have discovered that Cissus quadrangularis may help decrease bone misfortune, speed the recuperating of fractures, and help prevent conditions like osteoporosis. Cissus quadrangularis has drawn much attention now-a-days for its medicinal uses because of its efficacy and safety for human use. It does not produce any toxic effects when used orally and due to its various inherent pharmacognostic properties, Cissus quadrangularis is prescribed as a beneficial medication to help in fracture healing. By conducting this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of Cissus quadrangularis in the fracture healing and assessing the average time to fracture union in different age groups and gender. METHODS: A Prospective Comparative study was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 at Malla Reddy Hospital. 100 patients were admitted and visited orthopedic department for fracture treatment. All the necessary and relevant data were collected from the patient case notes, treatment charts, and laboratory reports. These data were recorded in a specially designed patient proforma. Cases were assigned based on treatment prescribed with Cissus quadrangularis (group A) and without Cissus quadrangularis (group B) and follow up was done. RESULTS: In group A, 2 capsules of 500 mg of C. quadrangularis capsule were administered and not administered in group B. It was observed that 34% of patients in group A and 8% of patients in group B has recovered from fracture within the 6 weeks.78% of the patients in group A and 40% of the patients in group B has recovered from fracture within the 12 weeks where as 94% of the patients in group A and 88 % of the patients in group B has recovered from fracture within the 16 weeks. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that Cissus quadrangularis helps in reducing pain, swelling, and fracture mobility and accelerate the healing of fracture bones. The duration of treatment is less and they showed better response when compared to other treatment options.