There iis ia lot iof iresearch ion ithe ivaried ievolution iof idengue ivirus i(DENV) iinfection in humans. Dengue ishock isyndrome (DSS), idengue ihemorrhagic ifever i(DHF), and animal models, and human data since DENV's icellular iand itissue itropism are thought ito be isignificant idengue iillness ifactors. Dengue ivirus iresearch ispanning moreithan i50 years ihas iyielded ia substantial idataset idemonstrating ithe irelationship between ivirulence variables iand idetrimental ihost iresponses iand ithe defectiveihemostasis and iincreased vascular ipermeability icaused iby DHF and DSS istrains. iDSS's underlying ivascular hyperpermeability imay ibe ifacilitated iby itargeted idifferentiation iof particular ivascular beds. iA ipersonalized iapproach ito i development iresearch iwill ireveal the ibasis iof individual irisk ifor ithe idevelopment iof iDHF iand iDSS iand iidentify i genetic and environmental ifactors ifor idistinct irisk ifactors ifor ithe idevelopment iof serious idisease. 

In this review article, we learned about liposomes, which are one type of drug delivery system that can be used to target a specific tissue. The structure if a lipid bilayer and the cell membrane are similar, which allows liposomes to deliver drugs to the places where free drugs would not be able to enter, The other drug delivery methods include pharmacosomes, micro particles, released erythrocytes and noisome. In the middle of the 1960s, liposomes are sphere shaped vesicles made of one or more phospholipid bilayers-were first reported. They are now a highly helpful tool vesicles in reagent and reproduction in many scientific fields, such as biology, biophysics, chemistry, colloid science biochemistry and mathematics and theoretical physics ever since, liposomes are now available for purchase. Among many innovative drug delivery methods. Liposomes stand out for their sophisticated technology in delivering active molecules to the site of action. Currently multiple formulations of liposomes are being used in clinical settings .From conventional vesicles to liposomes technology research has advanced to second generation liposomes ,in which lipid modifications are used to create long circulating liposomes composition vesicle size and charge .Additionally liposomes with altered surfaces have been utilizing multiple molecules including acid and glycolipids. This paper provides an overview of scalable methods and emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages with regard to industrial application and evaluation. 

Antioxidant nature of SpathodeaCampanulata P. Beauv leaves is documented in ancient texts of Ayurveda and is used for symptomatic relief of neurological disorders along with urogenital disorders, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The diversified activity arises from antioxidant phytochemicals like polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. The evaluation of antioxidant property was formed in vitro by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay and was compared with ascorbic acid as reference standard. Ferric reducing power of the extract was also evaluated by using potassium ferricyanide. Free radical scavenging activity of the extract is in the range of 1.34 & 56.34 percentage inhibition, compared to ascorbic acid (2.32% and 64.00%) in reducing power assay. In DPPH, antioxidant evaluation of extract (23.32 % and 76.00 %) and ascorbic acid (46.21% and 86.45%). In conclusion, the dose dependent property observed may be useful in the formulation of the extract. 

The concept of Targeted drug delivery system was proposed by Paul Ehrlich in the year 1909. The Various carrier systems include liposomes, serum proteins, microspheres and niosomes. Among these Niosomes are vesicular delivery systems which enable effective Bioavailability With controlled release for prolonged period of time .The vesicular system of niosomes withbilayer structure obtained by hydrating mixture of non- ionic surfactant and cholesterol. Niosomes are utilized for Drug delivery to specific sites to achieve desired therapeutic effects. Niosomes containing non-ionic surfactants improve solubility of poorly water soluble active substances. In Niosomes, a vesicle is amphiphilic I nature which is non-ionic surfactant such as span-60 promotes their efficiency in encapsulating drugs. Cholesterol used to maintainthe rigidity of Niosomes. Niosomes are spherical in shape and consists lamellar structures atmicroscopic level. They are categorized into 2 group’s i.e Unilamellar and Multilamellar vesicles .Niosomes have various advantages over other delivery systems. Niosomal formulations used in many diseases like Neoplastic, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, lung diseases, bacterial and fungal infections, inflammation. This review article is about the role of Niosomes as drug delivery system and information of their structure, preparation and applications. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool that harnesses anthropomorphic knowledge and provides expedited solutions to complex challenges. Remarkable advancements in AI technology and machine learning present a transformative opportunity in the drug discovery, formulation, and testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms. By utilizing AI algorithms that analyze extensive biological data, including genomics and proteomics, researchers can identify disease-associated targets and predict their interactions with potential drug candidates. AI has come a long way in healthcare, having played significant roles in data and information storage and management – such as patient medical histories, medicine stocks, sale records, and so on; automated machines; software and computer applications like diagnostic tools such as MRI radiation technology, CT diagnosis and many more have all been created to aid and simplify healthcare measures. This enables a more efficient and targeted approach to drug discovery, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful drug approvals. Furthermore, AI can contribute to reducing development costs by optimizing research and development processes. This capability enables the prioritization and optimization of lead compounds, reducing the need for extensive and costly animal testing. Personalized medicine approaches can be facilitated through AI algorithms that analyze real-world patient data, leading to more effective treatment outcomes and improved patient adherence. This review provides an overview of various AI-based approaches utilized in pharmaceutical technology, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. Nevertheless, the continued investment in and exploration of AI in the pharmaceutical industry offer exciting prospects for enhancing drug development processes and patient care. 

Transferosomes are also called as transfersomes, ultra deformable vesicles for transdermal applications, consisting of a lipid bilayer with phospholipids An edge activator. Depending upon the lipophilicity of the activesubstance it canbe encapsulated within thecore or amongst the lipid bilayer.Most transfersomescontains phosphatide choline(C18) as it is the most abundant lipid component of the cell membrane. The most common edge activators are surfactants. Application of quality by design(Quds) specifically design of experiments is crucial to understand the interplay among all these factors not only during the preparation add labs scale but also in the scaleup process. Clinical trials of a licensed topical ketoprofen transfersomal gel have shown promising results in the alleviation of symptoms in ortriorities with non-severe skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. 

Ethosomal drug delivery systems have numerous applications in the veterinary, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Several passive and active procedures have been developed to improve the skin's permeability for transdermal drug delivery. The ethanol action and the ethosome effect on the stratum corneum lipid bilayer are involved in the penetration mechanism of ethosomal formulations. Considering that ethanol was used to prepare the ethanol formulation, the vesicles' deformability is boosted. Ethosomes, as opposed to conventional liposomal formulations, enhance medication distribution to the skin in both occlusive and non-occlusives situations. Using ethanol as a carrier, the drug is entrapped into the epidermal membrane. The drug enters the receptor compartment during in vitro skin permeation experiments and in MT-2 cells. In addition, ethanol is used to deliver the drug via the skin or the skin membrane. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research progress in the field of ethanol-based delivery systems.