This review has overviewed the nanoparticles and its uses in cosmetic formulation, their challenges, opportunity and application. Nanoparticle based cosmetic have been used widely from recent few years in products like sunscreen, moisturizer, antiaging products, skin cleanser, shampoo, hair oil, hair gel, nail care, oral care etc. However there is major problems in nanoparticles containing products like toxicity and environment risk. Nano cosmeceuticals also doesn’t have regulation in it. Nanoparticles provide a high entrapment power for active ingredients and show high efficacy. Mainly nanoparticles are provide better performance in cosmeceutical field. Every year new research has been done in this area like to treat skin diseases with nanoparticles. And there future aspects of creating or formulating cosmetics with recycling natural by products and re-inventing traditional ingredients. In this article we are going to focus on the different aspect nanoparticles in area of cosmetic preparation. We conclude from this study that in future cosmetic industry have to draw some attention toward sustainability in cosmetics industry.This review has overviewed the nanoparticles and its uses in cosmetic formulation, their challenges, opportunity and application. Nanoparticle based cosmetic have been used widely from recent few years in products like sunscreen, moisturizer, antiaging products, skin cleanser, shampoo, hair oil, hair gel, nail care, oral care etc. However there is major problems in nanoparticles containing products like toxicity and environment risk. Nano cosmeceuticals also doesn’t have regulation in it. Nanoparticles provide a high entrapment power for active ingredients and show high efficacy. Mainly nanoparticles are provide better performance in cosmeceutical field. Every year new research has been done in this area like to treat skin diseases with nanoparticles. And there future aspects of creating or formulating cosmetics with recycling natural by products and re-inventing traditional ingredients. In this article we are going to focus on the different aspect nanoparticles in area of cosmetic preparation. We conclude from this study that in future cosmetic industry have to draw some attention toward sustainability in cosmetics industry.

Mucormycosis is termed as an angio-invasive fungal infection, connected with high morbidity and mortality. An alteration in the epidemiology of mucormycosis has been discovered in recent years with the rise in frequency, newfound causative agents and susceptible population. The rise has been perceived globally, but it is very advanced in the Asian continent. Though diabetes mellitus surpass all other risk factors in Asia. Post-tuberculosis and chronic renal failure have appeared as a new risk groups. The rhino cerebral mucormycosis is most usually seen in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although considered to be a infrequent infection, mucormycosis (zygomycosis) has emerged as the second most common invasive mould infection. Despite the advent of newer fungicidal agents, mortality rate of mucormycosis resides exceedingly higher. Successful direction of mucormycosis requires early identification, reversal of underlying predisposing risk number, surgical debridement and prompt administration of active antifungal agents. However, mucormycosis is not always amenable to cure. There are challenging obstacles that lead to exertion in management of Amphotericin B. These include unique host-based risk factors for mucormycosis, the fungus’ resistance to innate hostdefences and distinctive features of its immunopathogenesis, such as extensive angioinvasion, increased virulence and use of chelators by the fungus as siderophores. 

Background: The kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra constitute the urinary system. UTI is an infection of the urinary tract caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and some others. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about UTI in adolescent girls, to educate girls on UTI and to assess the impact of education by post questionnaires. Methodology: The study was a prospective, interventional study that lasted six months and was divided into three parts, with some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre- test and post-test questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescent girls at selected PU colleges in Tumkur, and students were educated by utilizing PIL and power point presentations. Result: The aggregate number of students who participated in the study was 406, consisting 119 by a Private PU College for Women and 287 from a Government PU College for Women. The participants' mean pre-test score was 52.74 %, which increased to 75.55 % in the post-test. The pre-test score of knowledge, attitude and practice seem to have been 44.02 %, 61.57 %, and 68.41 %, and the post-test scores which was increased to 71.15 %, 91.13 %, and 87.8 % respectively. Conclusion: The study shows there is improvement in basic aspects of the topic after educating. Hence educating adolescents on various infections and encouraging them to modify their life style plays a vital role to lead healthy life.Background: The kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra constitute the urinary system. UTI is an infection of the urinary tract caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and some others. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about UTI in adolescent girls, to educate girls on UTI and to assess the impact of education by post questionnaires. Methodology: The study was a prospective, interventional study that lasted six months and was divided into three parts, with some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre- test and post-test questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescent girls at selected PU colleges in Tumkur, and students were educated by utilizing PIL and power point presentations. Result: The aggregate number of students who participated in the study was 406, consisting 119 by a Private PU College for Women and 287 from a Government PU College for Women. The participants' mean pre-test score was 52.74 %, which increased to 75.55 % in the post-test. The pre-test score of knowledge, attitude and practice seem to have been 44.02 %, 61.57 %, and 68.41 %, and the post-test scores which was increased to 71.15 %, 91.13 %, and 87.8 % respectively. Conclusion: The study shows there is improvement in basic aspects of the topic after educating. Hence educating adolescents on various infections and encouraging them to modify their life style plays a vital role to lead healthy life.

The present work was aimed to formulate Oro Dispersible Films (ODF) of Aceclofenac with improved solubility and patient compliance. ODFs or fast dissolving films are the new dosage formulation which are becoming most preferred drug delivery systems. ODFs have advantages over other formulations like improved solubility of poorly soluble drugs, enhanced patient compliance, instant release of drug, avoiding hepatic first pass effect, etc. Aceclofenac is one of the poorly water-soluble drug which is used as NSAID having analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. Hence Aceclofenac was used in the present study to enhance the solubility by formulating in the form of ODF. The films were prepared by Solvent Casting method by dissolving Aceclofenac and other excipients like Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), ?-Cyclodextrin, Propylene glycol, CrossCormellose Sodium (CCS), Sodium Saccharin. The low solubility of Aceclofenac was a greatest challenge which was overcame by incorporating ?-cyclodextrin. The formulated films of Aceclofenac were evaluated in terms of Thickness, Folding endurance, Surface PH, Weight variation, Drug content, Disintrgration time, FTIR analysis, and Dissolution studies. Among all the formulations, F4 formulation was found to be optimized ODF as it has lower disintegration time and high dissolution rate due to high concentration of CCS. The other formulations showed moderate results. FTIR studies indicates that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. The addition of ?-Cyclodextrin to F3 and F4 formulation showed improved solubility as compared to F1 and F2 formulations.

Present study deals with formulation and evaluation of naproxen sodium orodispersible tablets by direct compression method using superdisintegrants. Orodispersible tablets or fast dissolving tablets are the solid unit dosage forms that dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the mouth without chewing or water [1]. ODTS provide improved patient compliance particularly for pediatric and geriatric patients with difficulty in swallowing. Naproxen sodium is a NSAID that is used to treat pain and inflammation in various conditions. As it is an analgesic drug rapid action is a desired feature. Gastric discomfort is one of the major side effects associated with the drug, which can be minimized by formulating it as ODT’s. Naproxen Odts were prepared by direct compression method, the most easiest and cost effective way to prepare tablets with common ingredients and, by limited number of processing steps using super disintegrants cross carmellose sodium in different concentrations (5,10,15,20,25). The powder blend was subjected to pre compression evaluation parameters like bulk density, tapped density, and angle of repose. All Formulations are evaluated for weight variation, hardness, wetting time, water absorption time, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. The drug excipient compatibility was verified by FTIR. The pre compression evaluation results revealed that all formulations were of good flowability. The hardness and friability results indicated good mechanical strength with acceptable disintegration time. The optimized formulation F5 showed good in vitro drug release profile with maximum drug being released at all time intervals making it ideal for development as ODT’s. The compiled results of pre compression and post compression evaluation parameters along with FTIR was presented.

The objective of the present study was to determine the in-vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Albizia stipulate Boiv. bark. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by determining its free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and Superoxide ion. The aqueous extract possessed a12.52µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging assay on comparing to standard Vitamin C (3.59µg/ml), an IC50 value of 3.39 µg/ml for ABST radical scavenging assay when compared to vitamin C (2.32µg/ml), and for Superoxide ion scavenging the IC50 value was recorded as 13.60?g/ml on compared to standard gallic acid (0.61 µg/ml). From the results in terms of radical scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and Superoxide ion, Albizia stipulate Boiv. bark exhibited excellent antioxidant activity than standards. Hence, an aqueous extract of Albizia stipulate bark can be suggested for usage as an effective natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.

Antibiotic resistance is considered to have a dangerous impact over the human health. Overuse as well as the misuse of the antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance. This study was intended to identify the awareness in the community regarding the use of antibiotics and to identify the reasons for the irrational use of antibiotics.A questionnaire based community survey was conducted from January to June 2021 at Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka. 150 participants who fulfilled the study criteria were recruited. ‘Knowledge of Antibiotics’ subset from the WHO Questionnaire used for the Survey for antibiotic resistance was used for data collection. The study protocol was approved by the institution ethics board.The study population consisted of 105 females and 45 males. Participants between the age group of 35-44 years were the majority (31%). It was identified that 32% of the participants were using antibiotics without prescription. There was a lack of advice from the professionals regarding the use of antibiotics, which may have led to early termination without completing the course of treatment. It was identified that 81 (79.4%) participants had utilized advices from the pharmacist on using prescribed medications including how and when to take antibiotics, with before and after indication, etc. 20.5% did not receive any advices on the use of antibiotics.Self-treatment, using stocked antibiotics from previous prescription, procuring medicines from family and friends were identified to be the reasons for the irrational use of antibiotics in the community. 70% of them were unaware about completing the course of antibiotics when used for treatment.The lack of awareness also led to the use of antibiotics for non-bacterial infections.The study identified a lack of awareness in the community about the use of antibiotics. Improving awareness and understanding of antibiotics and their use plays a vital role in tackling the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Fanconi syndrome is a kidney tubule disorder in which visible substances that would normally be absorbed by the kidneys into the circulation are instead discharged in the urine. Basically, the body excretes excess glucose, bicarbonate, phosphate, uric acid, potassium, and certain amino acids. Damage to the cells of the renal tubules can produce this illness in a variety of ways. Due to genetic metabolic abnormalities, they might be endogenous or external poisons. The most prevalent cause of Fanconi syndrome in children is cystine storage disease, which is a hereditary illness caused by a recessive gene. In a more mature and mature age, Fanconi syndrome is usually not hereditary and may have a different cause. In some cases, vitamin D therapy also reduces dysfunction of other renal tubules by decreasing aminoaciduria and correcting chronic acidosis. This mini review aims to potrey the vital role that primary care plays in Fanconi Syndrome and to outline the main clinical treatment in this context.

As we battle the  pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge we observed all over the global and the national level pharmacy professionals are performing outbreak roles, this editorial highlights the role of pharmacists in the COVID ??19 pandemic. Pharmacists globally are providing services again COVID -19 including pharmacy services, seeing patients and reducing the patients’ burden on health care facilities such as hospitals and pharmaceutical profession practices. Pharmacists are also working to providing home deliveries, as well as dealing with the increasing number of patients coming through to pharmacies with the other ailments. Pharmacy associations have issued their guidelines and in this editorial, several global examples of pharmacists’ role in the COVID 19 are being discussed. pharmacy guidance educates community pharmacies for safety and standard operation as the number of patients in the country continues to rise  The results of pharmacy profession work gratification from the perception that performs its task, or allows the execution of its own important values job, provided that to extent that these values are comparable to their needs. Conclusion the need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patient during this pandemic was quite distinguished shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control.