In the branch of medicine the oral route stands as the foremost preference for drug administration, particularly when aiming for systemic effects. However, the oral route proves in adequate for delivering intended to treat lower gastrointestinal diseases as they often encounter premature release within the upper gastrointestinal tract, their has been a comprehensive and extensive analysis of colon-specific drug delivery system over the past two decades. These specialized are designed to preciously target drugs to specific sites within the colon, there by augmenting the therapeutic impact of the absorbed in contemporary medical practice, drugs are increasingly directed towards the colon via the rectal route in the recent years, has gained prominence as a means to precisely target drug delivery to colon enabling the potential for both localized and systemic drug effects in local drug delivery system we can treat bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Amoebiosis, colonic cancer. To achieve effective colon-targeted drug delivery, it is necessary to safeguard the drug from degradation, premature release, and absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and ensure precise control of its release while protecting it from degradation in the colon. This review is focused on the introduction of colon anatomy of colon micro flora and Its importance, applications of colon drug delivery system, new opportunities of colon drug delivery system, evaluation of colon drug delivery system and drug performance of anticancer drugs by colon drug delivery system. 

The Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI), a pivotal initiative for the assurance of medical device quality and safety in India, was inaugurated on July 6, 2015. The primary objective of this programme is the collection and analysis of data pertaining to adverse events associated with medical devices. This data serves as a foundation for evidence-based regulatory decisions and recommendations, thereby promoting the safe utilization of medical devices. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) coordinates the MvPI, with the support of the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST) and the National Health System Resource Centre (NHSRC). The programme advocates for the reporting and evaluation of adverse events as a means to enhance patient safety. Despite its significance, a considerable number of health facilities remain uninformed about the MvPI and its reporting mechanism. This highlights an urgent need for increased awareness and development to address public health concerns related to medical devices. Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI) serves as an essential mechanism in the protection of public health in India, by ensuring that the advantages conferred by medical devices surpass their potential detriments. 

Floating drug delivery systems have a lower bulk density than gastric fluids and hence remain buoyant in the stomach for an extended period of time without influencing gastric emptying rate. While the system is floating on the gastric contents, the drug is slowly released from the system at the prescribed pace; after drug release, the remaining system is evacuated from the stomach. This leads in extended stomach retention time and better regulation of plasma medication concentration variations. There are two types of floating medication delivery systems. Non-effervescent and Gas-generating systems. Ciprofloxacin HCl floating tablets by using polymers like HPMC K4M, Eudragit 100S, guar gum. The prepared tablets are characterized by using different evaluation parameters like buoyancy lag time, floating time, in-vitro drug release, uniformity of drug content, hardness, friability etc. and it is optimized by factorial design using Design Expert Software. The in-vitro drug release of the optimized formulation is best fitted and found to follow Hixon crowell erosion kinetics with a higher R2 value of 0.992. 

Pharmacovigilance plays a key role in the health system through the evaluation, monitoring, and detection of drug interactions and their impact on humans. Therefore, drug safety requires monitoring of adverse reactions for each drug throughout its life cycle, during drug development, e.g. Pharmacovigilance deals with the detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects. Metoprolol Observational studies suggest that beta-blockers may lower the risk of exacerbations and death in patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but randomized trials have not yet verified these findings. We can see Metoprolol's MOA and ADR in all of their forms. Metoprolol succinate, a BCS class I medication with a short half-life of 3–7 hours, is used to treat angina pectoris, heart attacks, and hypertension. The normal dosage is 25/50 mg three times each day. Due to the high frequency of delivery and oscillating plasma drug concentration, a sustained-release form of administration with prolonged clinical efficacy must be developed. To deliver the loading dose of the medicine in the stomach, decrease the frequency of administration, and boost the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug by delivering prolonged action, it is highly necessary to design a sustained-release bilayer. 

Theophylline, also known as dimethyl xanthine, has been utilized for over 80 years to treat airway diseases. Initially used as a bronchodilator, its usage declined due to side effects associated with relatively high doses. Recent studies have demonstrated theophylline's effects that reduce inflammation in conditions such as asthmas well as long term obstructive lung disease at low level of concentration. The mechanism include: Inhibition of PDE3 for bronchodilator and suppression of PDE4, along with enhances histone deacetylase -2 (HDAC 2), as a result the suppression of genes involved in inflammation that are activated. Theophylline can reverse resistance to corticosteroids, particularly in chronic asthma as well as COPD, where activity of histone deacetylase -2 (HDAC 2) has decreased. Theophylline has provided by systemic administration, either taken orally as a long-term remedy or administered intravenously for severe asthma. Blood concentrations and effectiveness are related, primarily influenced by metabolism in the liver that can be altered by various diseases and concomitant drug therapies. Typically used as additional form of therapy for patients with chronic lung disease not adequately regulated when using long-acting ?2-agonists in conjunction using corticosteroids that are inhaled. Also used in patients with long-term obstructive lung disease along with a severe disease that cannot be controlled with bronchodilator medication. The adverse consequences are concentration-dependent and consist of headache, nausea, as well as vomiting at lower concentrations because of a blockage of phosphodiesterase. In greater concentration, side effects may include irregularities of heartbeat and seizures because of adenosine A1receptor antagonism. At low doses of theophylline can hold promise in the future for lowering the resistance to corticosteroids in long-term obstructive lung disease and asthma. This summary highlights the dual role of theophylline serving to be anti-inflammatory as well as bronchodilator, with potential implications for the management of severe respiratory conditions. This study clarifies the mechanism of action of theophylline and investigates its synthesis. Theophylline, a common bronchodilator, is produced in large part thanks to the effective synthesis technique that is being presented. Our comprehension of the drug's pharmacological properties is improved by the clarification of its mechanism of action, which provides future developments in its therapeutic uses. 

The present study deals with the synthesis of a series of novel analogues based on piperidine fused pyrazolone core 6a-f and explore its potential as novel anti-bacterial agents via invtitro & insilico studies. The synthesised compounds were analysed using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR and LC-MS techniques. Major highlight involves the cyclisation reaction of tert-butyl- 4-methyl 3-oxopiperidine-1,4-dicarboxylate with the hydrazine component to access the privileged piperdine fused pyrazolone scaffold. This scaffold was further treated with HCl to remove the amine protecting group and subsequently reacted with isocyanates to deliver the final products containing carboxamide linkage in excellent yields. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to determine various molecular properties of the synthesized compounds. Based on the reactive sites explored by the molecular electrostatic potential maps, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations performed to study the inhibition activity of the compounds, invitro analysis found to be compounds exhibited good Zone of Inhibition at 200?g/mL of concentration. 

Traditional needle injections have been replaced by a variety of non-intrusive administrations in recent times. Among these, a transdermal delivery system for drugs (TDDS) offers the most pleasant procedure due to its low rate of refusal, remarkable ease of administration, and exceptional patient amenities and attentiveness. The main benefits of TDDS are reduced side effects, enhanced bioavailability with regulated drug release, and bypass first-pass metabolism. The transdermal system for drug delivery, skin anatomy and physiology, formulation development, and a critical analysis of the particular benefits and drawbacks, preparation, assessment, and application methods, as well as future innovations and limitations for transdermal patch selection, are all succinctly summarised in this review article.