Ofloxacin is one of a new generation of fluorinated quinolones structurally related to nalidixic acid. It is orally administrated broad spectrum anti-bacterial & some anaerobes. Moreover ofloxacin achieves high concentration in most tissues and body fluids. The result of clinical trials with ofloxacin have confirmed the potential for use in a wide range of infections, which was indicated by its in vitro anti-bacterial & pharmacokinetics profiles. It has proven effective against a high percentage of infection caused by gram-negative organisms, slightly less effective against gram positive infections, & effective against some anaerobic infections. Ofloxacin is well tolerated & although experience with the drug in clinical practices to date is limited, bacterial resistance does not appear to develop readily. Thus, ofloxacin is an orally active drug which offers a valuable alternative to other broad spectrum anti-bacterial drug. The synythesis of Ofloxacin was carried out in this article. And quinoline-4(1H)-one is the intermediate that was found in this Ofloxacin. There physiochemical properties & characterization of impurity is also described. 

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus and mainly targets the respiratory system. The current therapy includes giving concentrated oxygen through nasal tubes, antivirals (remdesivir) and immunomodulators (tocilizumab) along with other symptomatic treatment. But the issue with these treatment options is that they are limited in stock and expensive, thus not all patients can economically afford them. Algae can prove to be an effective alternative as it is cheap and easy to grown in laboratories. It contains chemo-diverse compounds that have multiple therapeutic properties including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune booster properties. Algae can be genetically modified to produce spike proteins that can be utilized in serological antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus and for manufacturing vaccine antigen against COVID-19. Certain specific blue-green algae and red algae contain various compounds that- have immunomodulatory property, boost the immune system and provide various vitamins and minerals to the body. Extracts from these algae can be used as supplements that can help prevent COVID-19 infection or at least reduce the severity of the symptoms. 

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the prime determinants of non-adherence to drugs. In psychiatric care even, the normal doses can elicit severe adverse responses, that may adversely affect the outcome of treatment. Materials & methods: This was a Longitudinal observational study conducted during august 2020 in male ward of psychiatric hospital. The causality assessment of documented ADRs was done using Naranjo scale, and WHO-The Uppsala Monitoring Centre probability scale, severity was assessed using Hartwig et al. scale, and preventability assessment using Modified Schumock and Thornton's Scale.   Out of 81 patients, 79 patients were reported with ADR and a total of 79 ADRs were identified. The most common were acidity, gastritis, somnolence. Based on the causality assessments as per Naranjo Algorithm most of the ADRs were found to be probable and that of WHO-UMC scale were certain. According to severity assessment done using modified Hartweig & Seigel scale majority of the ADRs were moderate and as per Schumock Thronton scale for preventability more than half of the ADRs were definitely preventable. Conclusion:  This study provides an insight into ADR pattern among psychiatric in-patients. A high frequency of ADRs were seen in the inpatients of psychiatry settings, particularly of moderate nature and most likely preventable sorts. Psychiatric drugs are more likely to develop ADRs when to compared to anti-epileptics and sedative drugs. Continuous monitoring and assessment of patients using psychiatric drugs may help to improve patient safety.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant condition with poorly characterized epidemiology affecting older men . Androgens play a vital role in its development. The most common manifestations of BPH known as lower urinary tract symptoms, are hesitancy, straining, weak flow, prolonged voiding, partial or complete urinary retention and increased frequency of micturition. It was estimated to affect approximately 10% of men in their 30s, 20% of men in their 40s, 60% of men in their 60s, 80% of men in their 70s, and 90% of men in their 80s. It has been found that BPH and prostate cancer is highly prevalent among Africans and Africans in the Diaspora. Interestingly not enough study is available related to Socioeconomic group and risk of BPH. Methodology: In the current study sixty (60) diagnosed and randomly selected cases of BPH were categorized as per the standard socioeconomic scale, Kuppuswamy`s Socioeconomic status scale. Results: The study reveals that majority (40%) of randomly selected BPH patients belong to upper-lower class followed by (31.66%) lower-middle, (26.67%) upper middle and only 1.65% belongs to upper Socioeconomic class. Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that BPH is more common in men belonging to moderate socioeconomic classes and less common in extremes. 

We are living in modern days and everyone is in hurry for everything even for their ailments. They required medicine that is fast acting although cause some harm to the body. That may be managed by time. Unani system of medicine (USM) is one of the oldest systems of medicine in the world providing treatment through its rich formulations based on single drugs. Unani medicinal plants are playing an important role in the drug discovery and development of new molecules. There are a number of unani drugs which are used from ancient time. For this review unani text as well as other ethnobotanical books were searched and presented the studies here. Action and Uses of Atees (Aconitum heterophyllum wall) mentioned in Unani literature along with phytochemistry and pharmacology. Total ten pharmacological activities were recognized in different experimental models. The antipyretic action of this drug has been proved in scientific study. The other actions of the drug mentioned in unani literature are to be validated on scientific parameters.