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FEBRUARY 2019

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION BY RP-HPLC

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², V. B. Ingale² and Ashok P Gingine³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A VALIDATED RP- HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ARTESUNATE, SULFADOXINE AND PYRIMETHAMINE IN BULK AND TABLETS FORMULATION

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², Khan Jawad S. A.² and Ashok P Gingine³
¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.
³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF VALSARTAN USING SPRAY DRIED DILUENTS

MahaleNitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF OLMESARTAN

Mahale Nitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8- DIOXO -OCTAHYDROXANTHENES IN AQUASE PHASE USING ? - CYCLODEXTRIN AS AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN CATALYST

Shankar P Hangirgekar*, Vijay V Kumbhar,Navanand B Wadwale
School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M.University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra India.

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PHYTONUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FLAXSEED

Dharshini¹, Dr.S.Sumayaa², Dr.T.Thirunalasundari ³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Head of the Department, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali, Tamil Nadu, India.

³Principal, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CHRONOMODULATED DRUG DELIVERY OF NISOLDIPINE

Raghavender Chenna¹, Y. Padmanabha Reddy²
¹Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, AP.
²Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ananthapuramu, AP.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF KETOPROFEN IN CAPSULE AND TABLET DOSAGE FORMS

A. A. Hassan¹, S. W. Shantier^2*, E. A.Gad-kariem²
¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan.

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ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY IN DESIGNING OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM THROUGH PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: CURRENT STATE OF ART

A. Deevan Paul, G. Divyavani, Kvn Pavani, M Abdul Gaffar, Kedam Thyagaraju
Svu College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sv Univeristy, Tirupati.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PLURONIC LECITHIN CLOTRIMAZOLE ORGANOGEL FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY

Sandeep C Atram*, Abhilash V Joshi1, Nishan N Bobde, Vikrant P Wankhade, Dr. Shrikant D. Pande
Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, 444602.

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NANOMETAL OXIDES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (Al2O3, CuO, Fe3O4, and ZnO): COMPARATIVE STUDY

Manyasree D.¹, Kiranmayi P.^1*, Venkata r Kolli²
1Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University.
2Department of Toxicology/Global QC (BPANS), Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.

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SYNTHESIS, ANTITUBERCULAR AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL N-(SUBSTITUTED)-2-(2,5-DIMETHYL-1H-PYRROL-1-YL)PHENYL)BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES

Shrinivas D. Joshi^1*, V. H. Kulkarni¹, S. R. Prem Kumar¹, Jeelan Basha².
¹Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T’s College of Pharmacy, SangolliRayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580 002, India.
²Department of PG Studies and Research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Karnataka, India.

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COMPARISON OF INTRAOPERATIVE HIGH OXYGEN AND METOCLOPRAMIDE IN PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN ADULT FEMALE PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Dr. Sonia Andleeb¹, Dr. Hameedullah Samiullah², Dr. Khalid Samad², Dr. Inam Gill²
¹Aziz Fatima Medical College & Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
²Aga Khan Medical College & Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

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INTRODUCTION: There are many benefits associated with the laparoscopic surgery including faster recovery, shorter hospital stays and prompt return to normal activities. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive in nature but high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major cause of morbidity. To prevent PONV, multimodal techniques are helpful, but not any one technique is idea to deal with this problem. This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of intraoperative high oxygen concentration with metoclopramide in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to observe the effectiveness of high oxygen concentration as compared to metoclopramide in prevention of postoperative nausea and/ or vomiting in adult females undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in the operating rooms of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. A total of 84 ASA I and II adult female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups to receive either FiO2 intraoperatively or Metoclopramide. Postoperatively patients were observed for 24 hours for any episode of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic administration. RESULTS: There was a significant effect on incidence of PONV in adult female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and received high intraoperative oxygen concentration. During the 24 hr period, out of 84 patients, 12 patients (28.6%) in HO group experience PONV and required rescue antiemetic medication and 29 patients (69%) in Metoclopramide group experience PONV and so the rescue antiemetic medication. We can say high intraoperative oxygen concentration was effective in reduction of PONV as compared to metoclopramide. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that high intraoperative FiO2 was effective in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery when compared to metoclopramide.

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INTRODUCTION: There are many benefits associated with the laparoscopic surgery including faster recovery, shorter hospital stays and prompt return to normal activities. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive in nature but high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major cause of morbidity. To prevent PONV, multimodal techniques are helpful, but not any one technique is idea to deal with this problem. This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of intraoperative high oxygen concentration with metoclopramide in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to observe the effectiveness of high oxygen concentration as compared to metoclopramide in prevention of postoperative nausea and/ or vomiting in adult females undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in the operating rooms of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. A total of 84 ASA I and II adult female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups to receive either FiO2 intraoperatively or Metoclopramide. Postoperatively patients were observed for 24 hours for any episode of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic administration. RESULTS: There was a significant effect on incidence of PONV in adult female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and received high intraoperative oxygen concentration. During the 24 hr period, out of 84 patients, 12 patients (28.6%) in HO group experience PONV and required rescue antiemetic medication and 29 patients (69%) in Metoclopramide group experience PONV and so the rescue antiemetic medication. We can say high intraoperative oxygen concentration was effective in reduction of PONV as compared to metoclopramide. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that high intraoperative FiO2 was effective in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery when compared to metoclopramide.

PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS UPON DIAGNOSIS

Rama Bobba, Vedasamhitha Ramavarapu, C.Subam Mahender, Srichurnam Sreekar

Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

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The study is carried out as retrospective and prospective observational studies to analyse the cancer characteristics, therapeutic approaches and the state of depression in Breast cancer patients. Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and hormonal therapy are the distinct modalities of treatments used in the therapy of breast cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as adjuvant therapies, typically after the primary surgical approach, these prove to be beneficial in inhibiting the metastasis of cancer and to enhance the survival rates in long-term. Research has shown that almost a third to a half of population diagnosed with breast cancer including the ones undergoing treatment regimen are in all likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Cancer and therapy-related symptoms can be major emphasizers in a patient undergoing therapeutic regimen for breast cancer. Consequently, addressing the effect of breast cancer and the long-term outcomes of the therapy have become vital. The prevalence of depression among breast cancer population varies from 1.5% to 50%, depending on the populace and explicit definition of depression and method of assessment. The quality of life [QOL] of a breast cancer patient is associated with the types of treatments and treatment-related symptoms or adverse effects . The QOL is adversely connected to the high prevalence of depression which influences the treatment process .Understanding these common psychiatric disorders and associated psychosocial factors found in breast cancer patients can help to plan for effective treatment of these patients and may result in more treatment success. The overall QOL was found to be significant in patients with depression. The state of depression was analysed among 46 patients using PHQ-9 questionnaire. The analysed scores showed that 17.4% of the patients were at Minimal depression state, 43.5% were having Mild depression thoughts, 21.7% were having Moderate depression and 15.2% and 2.2% of the population were suffering from Moderately Severe and Severe depression respectively.

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The study is carried out as retrospective and prospective observational studies to analyse the cancer characteristics, therapeutic approaches and the state of depression in Breast cancer patients. Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and hormonal therapy are the distinct modalities of treatments used in the therapy of breast cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as adjuvant therapies, typically after the primary surgical approach, these prove to be beneficial in inhibiting the metastasis of cancer and to enhance the survival rates in long-term. Research has shown that almost a third to a half of population diagnosed with breast cancer including the ones undergoing treatment regimen are in all likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Cancer and therapy-related symptoms can be major emphasizers in a patient undergoing therapeutic regimen for breast cancer. Consequently, addressing the effect of breast cancer and the long-term outcomes of the therapy have become vital. The prevalence of depression among breast cancer population varies from 1.5% to 50%, depending on the populace and explicit definition of depression and method of assessment. The quality of life [QOL] of a breast cancer patient is associated with the types of treatments and treatment-related symptoms or adverse effects . The QOL is adversely connected to the high prevalence of depression which influences the treatment process .Understanding these common psychiatric disorders and associated psychosocial factors found in breast cancer patients can help to plan for effective treatment of these patients and may result in more treatment success. The overall QOL was found to be significant in patients with depression. The state of depression was analysed among 46 patients using PHQ-9 questionnaire. The analysed scores showed that 17.4% of the patients were at Minimal depression state, 43.5% were having Mild depression thoughts, 21.7% were having Moderate depression and 15.2% and 2.2% of the population were suffering from Moderately Severe and Severe depression respectively.

PERSONALITY TRAITS OF PHARMACISTS: A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PHARMACY PRACTICE CHANGE IN PAKISTAN

Madeeha Malik^*1, Anina Qureshi², Azhar Hussain¹
¹Society of Pharmacy Practice/Professor/Director, Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University Islamabad, Pakistan.
²Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University Islamabad, Pakistan.

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OPTIMISATION OF DOSING ANTIBIOTICS IN RENAL IMPAIREMENT PATIENTS

Almas Amreen¹, K. Manjula¹, Dr. K. Shanta Kumari²

¹Nirmala College of pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Guntur.

²Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of pharmacy Mangalagiri, Guntur.

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Aims &Objectives: To study the antibiotics dosage adjustment in renal impairement patients. To evaluate the rationalized use of antibiotics in a givenprescription based on renal dysfunction. Drug dosage adjustment in an individual renal impairement patients can maximize therapeutic afficacy and minimize adverse effects.This dosage adjustment also minimize the therapeutic costs, length of hospital stay and mortality as well as therapeutic effectiveness. Methodology: Prospective Observational Study was conducted on 150 Patients in a Teritiary Care Hospitals. Demographic data were extracted and creatinine clearance was calculated by using Cockcroft-Gault equation. Antibiotic dosages were compared with stanford guidelines dose recommendations to judge whether they were correctly adjusted or not. Results: Among 150 patients ,94 were male &56 were female. Out of all the patients,53 patients are done with dialysis .Totally 220 antibiotics were prescribed. Out of that 127 antibiotics require dosage adjustment,94 antibiotics were adjusted correctly and 33 were incorrectly prescribed. Piperacillin +tazobactam was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic requiring dosage adjustment (18.1%)followed by Levofloxacin(14%). Piperacillin + tazobactam was the majorly used antibiotic (63.6%) with inappropriate dose. In most of the cases inappropriate dosage adjustment (60%), guidelines recommended dosing intervals were not followed. Of the unadjusted doses, 18 incorrect interval cases, 5 incorrect dose, and in 10 cases incorrect dose and interval were observed. Conclusion: Approximately 71.3% antibiotics were adjusted appropriately in this study and remaining 28.7% were adjusted inappropriately.Findings indicate that dosing errors were common among hospitalized patients with renal impairment. Improving the quality of drug prescription in patients with renal impairment could be of importance for improving the quality of care.

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Aims &Objectives: To study the antibiotics dosage adjustment in renal impairement patients. To evaluate the rationalized use of antibiotics in a givenprescription based on renal dysfunction. Drug dosage adjustment in an individual renal impairement patients can maximize therapeutic afficacy and minimize adverse effects.This dosage adjustment also minimize the therapeutic costs, length of hospital stay and mortality as well as therapeutic effectiveness. Methodology: Prospective Observational Study was conducted on 150 Patients in a Teritiary Care Hospitals. Demographic data were extracted and creatinine clearance was calculated by using Cockcroft-Gault equation. Antibiotic dosages were compared with stanford guidelines dose recommendations to judge whether they were correctly adjusted or not. Results: Among 150 patients ,94 were male &56 were female. Out of all the patients,53 patients are done with dialysis .Totally 220 antibiotics were prescribed. Out of that 127 antibiotics require dosage adjustment,94 antibiotics were adjusted correctly and 33 were incorrectly prescribed. Piperacillin +tazobactam was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic requiring dosage adjustment (18.1%)followed by Levofloxacin(14%). Piperacillin + tazobactam was the majorly used antibiotic (63.6%) with inappropriate dose. In most of the cases inappropriate dosage adjustment (60%), guidelines recommended dosing intervals were not followed. Of the unadjusted doses, 18 incorrect interval cases, 5 incorrect dose, and in 10 cases incorrect dose and interval were observed. Conclusion: Approximately 71.3% antibiotics were adjusted appropriately in this study and remaining 28.7% were adjusted inappropriately.Findings indicate that dosing errors were common among hospitalized patients with renal impairment. Improving the quality of drug prescription in patients with renal impairment could be of importance for improving the quality of care.

A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR DEVELOPING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME, CREATING AWARENESS AND LIMITING THE RISK FACTOR BY ADVANCED PATIENT COUNSELLING

Ms. Sonia Marry Sunny, Dr. Peter Kandel, Ms. Priyanka Prakash, Ms. Ann Sherin Andrews, Ms. Jessilin K Charley, Dr. Beulah Milton, Ms. Manisha J A Mascarenhas
RRCOP, Bangalore.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors in developing poly cystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), creating awareness and limiting them by advanced patient counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional and community based randomized observational study was conducted in RR institutions and general public over a period of six months. 200 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The data was collected using self designed questionnaire and suitable statistical analysis was done. Self made PCOS score was used to access the severity. RESULTS: Out of 200 participants included in the study, majority (22.5%) of the participants belonged to age group of ? 25 years. On analysis of PCOS state it was found that 110 participants (55%) were with the chance for getting PCOS (score 5-9), 64 participants(32%) were with High risk of PCOS(score ? 10) and 26 participants (13%) were unpredictable to PCOS (score < 5).Among 64 participants with High risk of getting PCOS, majority(17) of the participants were at the age of ? 25 years. Among 110 participants with Chance of getting PCOS ,majority (20) of the participants were at the age of 21 years and among 26 participants with Unpredictable to PCOS , most of the participants were at the age of 19 years .Out of 200 participants 25 participants were found with complications. Among them Infertility problems (52%) was found to be the major one. CONCLUSION: The risk of PCOS increases with presence of one or more identified predisposing factors. Most of the factors tested as predisposing factors in our study are interlinked to each other and are mostly modifiable. Hence careful monitoring and proper management of identified predisposing factors not only delays but also helpful in adequate management of the disease.OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors in developing poly cystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), creating awareness and limiting them by advanced patient counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional and community based randomized observational study was conducted in RR institutions and general public over a period of six months. 200 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The data was collected using self designed questionnaire and suitable statistical analysis was done. Self made PCOS score was used to access the severity. RESULTS: Out of 200 participants included in the study, majority (22.5%) of the participants belonged to age group of ? 25 years. On analysis of PCOS state it was found that 110 participants (55%) were with the chance for getting PCOS (score 5-9), 64 participants(32%) were with High risk of PCOS(score ? 10) and 26 participants (13%) were unpredictable to PCOS (score < 5).Among 64 participants with High risk of getting PCOS, majority(17) of the participants were at the age of ? 25 years. Among 110 participants with Chance of getting PCOS ,majority (20) of the participants were at the age of 21 years and among 26 participants with Unpredictable to PCOS , most of the participants were at the age of 19 years .Out of 200 participants 25 participants were found with complications. Among them Infertility problems (52%) was found to be the major one. CONCLUSION: The risk of PCOS increases with presence of one or more identified predisposing factors. Most of the factors tested as predisposing factors in our study are interlinked to each other and are mostly modifiable. Hence careful monitoring and proper management of identified predisposing factors not only delays but also helpful in adequate management of the disease.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors in developing poly cystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), creating awareness and limiting them by advanced patient counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional and community based randomized observational study was conducted in RR institutions and general public over a period of six months. 200 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The data was collected using self designed questionnaire and suitable statistical analysis was done. Self made PCOS score was used to access the severity. RESULTS: Out of 200 participants included in the study, majority (22.5%) of the participants belonged to age group of ? 25 years. On analysis of PCOS state it was found that 110 participants (55%) were with the chance for getting PCOS (score 5-9), 64 participants(32%) were with High risk of PCOS(score ? 10) and 26 participants (13%) were unpredictable to PCOS (score < 5).Among 64 participants with High risk of getting PCOS, majority(17) of the participants were at the age of ? 25 years. Among 110 participants with Chance of getting PCOS ,majority (20) of the participants were at the age of 21 years and among 26 participants with Unpredictable to PCOS , most of the participants were at the age of 19 years .Out of 200 participants 25 participants were found with complications. Among them Infertility problems (52%) was found to be the major one. CONCLUSION: The risk of PCOS increases with presence of one or more identified predisposing factors. Most of the factors tested as predisposing factors in our study are interlinked to each other and are mostly modifiable. Hence careful monitoring and proper management of identified predisposing factors not only delays but also helpful in adequate management of the disease.OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors in developing poly cystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), creating awareness and limiting them by advanced patient counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional and community based randomized observational study was conducted in RR institutions and general public over a period of six months. 200 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The data was collected using self designed questionnaire and suitable statistical analysis was done. Self made PCOS score was used to access the severity. RESULTS: Out of 200 participants included in the study, majority (22.5%) of the participants belonged to age group of ? 25 years. On analysis of PCOS state it was found that 110 participants (55%) were with the chance for getting PCOS (score 5-9), 64 participants(32%) were with High risk of PCOS(score ? 10) and 26 participants (13%) were unpredictable to PCOS (score < 5).Among 64 participants with High risk of getting PCOS, majority(17) of the participants were at the age of ? 25 years. Among 110 participants with Chance of getting PCOS ,majority (20) of the participants were at the age of 21 years and among 26 participants with Unpredictable to PCOS , most of the participants were at the age of 19 years .Out of 200 participants 25 participants were found with complications. Among them Infertility problems (52%) was found to be the major one. CONCLUSION: The risk of PCOS increases with presence of one or more identified predisposing factors. Most of the factors tested as predisposing factors in our study are interlinked to each other and are mostly modifiable. Hence careful monitoring and proper management of identified predisposing factors not only delays but also helpful in adequate management of the disease.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE.

Remya Bhaskaran S, G. Saranya, P.Vaishnavi Reddy, Dr. Ritty Sara Cherian, Dr. B.A Vishwanath
Aditya Bangalore Institute for Pharmacy Education & Research (ABIPER).

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NOVEL COMPOUNDS OF THIO-PYRIMIDINE ANTHRANILATE AND SULFONAMIDE ANTHRANILATE DERIVATIVES WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ITS SYNTHESIS

Nitin A. Shimpi*, Rajesh B. Dhake
D.D.N. Bhole College, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India.

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FAST DISSOLVING SYSTEMS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR ENHANCED THERAPEUTIC ACTION

R. Santosh Kumar*, T. Naga Satya Yagnesh
GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, A.P 530045, INDIA.

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THE STUDY ON ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Tagetes erectus, Bougainvillea glabra & Caesalpinia pulcherrima - As pH Herbal Indicator

Gayatri Gautam Varma¹, Mrs. Shubhangi Kshirsagar¹, Sofiya R. Moris², Mrs. Suchita Gokhale¹, Rani Dagadu Shinde¹, Vedanti Kashiram Sawant¹
¹Ideal College of Pharmacy & Research Institute (Affiliated to UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI).
²Shri D. D Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Panvel.

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A pH indicator is weak acid and halo chromic chemical compound that is added in small quantity to a solution so that the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually during experiment. Almost all indicators used for acid-base titrations are synthetic compounds, slightly expensive and are unavailable so attempt is made to prepare natural indicator by using different flower extracts. These flowers are very common and easily available; hence indicator obtained from them will be cheap & economical. Every indicator are exhibits a different range of colors at different pH values. This study has been done to investigate the indicator properties of alcoholic extract of flower- Tagetes erectus, Bougainvillea glabra & Caesalpinia pulcherrima. All samples Pigments were extracted & evaluated by preparing different pH strips by socking method. Their acid-base titration readings were compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators phenolphthalein and the work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a substitute to the synthetic indicator in the acid-based indicators.A pH indicator is weak acid and halo chromic chemical compound that is added in small quantity to a solution so that the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually during experiment. Almost all indicators used for acid-base titrations are synthetic compounds, slightly expensive and are unavailable so attempt is made to prepare natural indicator by using different flower extracts. These flowers are very common and easily available; hence indicator obtained from them will be cheap & economical. Every indicator are exhibits a different range of colors at different pH values. This study has been done to investigate the indicator properties of alcoholic extract of flower- Tagetes erectus, Bougainvillea glabra & Caesalpinia pulcherrima. All samples Pigments were extracted & evaluated by preparing different pH strips by socking method. Their acid-base titration readings were compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators phenolphthalein and the work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a substitute to the synthetic indicator in the acid-based indicators.

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A pH indicator is weak acid and halo chromic chemical compound that is added in small quantity to a solution so that the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually during experiment. Almost all indicators used for acid-base titrations are synthetic compounds, slightly expensive and are unavailable so attempt is made to prepare natural indicator by using different flower extracts. These flowers are very common and easily available; hence indicator obtained from them will be cheap & economical. Every indicator are exhibits a different range of colors at different pH values. This study has been done to investigate the indicator properties of alcoholic extract of flower- Tagetes erectus, Bougainvillea glabra & Caesalpinia pulcherrima. All samples Pigments were extracted & evaluated by preparing different pH strips by socking method. Their acid-base titration readings were compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators phenolphthalein and the work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a substitute to the synthetic indicator in the acid-based indicators.A pH indicator is weak acid and halo chromic chemical compound that is added in small quantity to a solution so that the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually during experiment. Almost all indicators used for acid-base titrations are synthetic compounds, slightly expensive and are unavailable so attempt is made to prepare natural indicator by using different flower extracts. These flowers are very common and easily available; hence indicator obtained from them will be cheap & economical. Every indicator are exhibits a different range of colors at different pH values. This study has been done to investigate the indicator properties of alcoholic extract of flower- Tagetes erectus, Bougainvillea glabra & Caesalpinia pulcherrima. All samples Pigments were extracted & evaluated by preparing different pH strips by socking method. Their acid-base titration readings were compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators phenolphthalein and the work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a substitute to the synthetic indicator in the acid-based indicators.

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AZITHROMYCIN AND DEXAMETHASONE IN EYE DROPS BY RP-HPLC

Chandrakanth.Bandapally*, Y.Vamshi, V.Girija Sastry
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aurobindo College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gangadevipally (M), Warangal Urban (D), Telangana State, India.

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EVALUATION OF ANTI-COMPULSIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BACOPA MONNIERI L. LEAVES IN MICE

Trupti A. Nimburkar¹, Anjali M. Wankhade^1?, Manish M. Wanjari²
¹Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy,C.K. Naidu road,Camp,Amravati -444602(Maharashtra) India.
²Central Research Institute (Ayurveda), Opposite Jayarog Hospital, Aamkho, Lashkar, Gwalior - 474 009 (Madhya Pradesh), India.

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SWEET WORMWOOD IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Gopichand Bhoi*, Vishal Lad, Vijay Shastry
Gangamai College of Pharmacy, Nagaon, Dhule, Maharashtra-424005.

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Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tends to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and in some cases to spread. Many anticancer drugs are available in market with a lot of side-effects. So our objective is to introduced a drug sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) that is 1,000 times better than chemotherapy. In chemotherapy, for every 5 cancer cells 1 normal cell may be destroyed but a recent study found that wormwood can kill up to 12,000 cancer cells for every 1 healthy cell it may affect. The active ingredient that makes sweet wormwood such a cancer healer is artemisinin. The special super concentrated compound of wormwood and iron can target cancer cells while leaving healthy cells alone. The compound is specially effective in combating breast cancer. Wormwood and iron together is said to act as a Trojan horse, creating a literal time bomb for cancer cells. Cancer cells are not as successful as healthy cell in disposing of free floating iron molecules. This weakness causes the presence of iron in general to create stressful environment for cancer cells. This compound works on a general property of cancer cells, their high iron content. Breast cancer cells in particular can sometimes contain up to 15 times more iron receptors than surrounding cells, which is why this iron-artemisinin duo may have an even more profound effect on breast cancer. Artemisinin reacted with iron to form free radicals which cause cell death. The artemisinin and its derivatives are toxic to the malarial parasites at nanomolar concentrations, causing specific membrane structural changes in the erythrocyte stage that kills the parasites. The WHO recommends artemisinin- based combination therapies as first line treatment for P. falciparum malaria because it reacts with the high levels of iron in the parasites to produced the free radicals which then destroy the cell walls of malarial- parasite. Act as anti malarial, anti parasitic, anti fungal, anti microbial, anti-inflammatory.

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Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tends to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and in some cases to spread. Many anticancer drugs are available in market with a lot of side-effects. So our objective is to introduced a drug sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) that is 1,000 times better than chemotherapy. In chemotherapy, for every 5 cancer cells 1 normal cell may be destroyed but a recent study found that wormwood can kill up to 12,000 cancer cells for every 1 healthy cell it may affect. The active ingredient that makes sweet wormwood such a cancer healer is artemisinin. The special super concentrated compound of wormwood and iron can target cancer cells while leaving healthy cells alone. The compound is specially effective in combating breast cancer. Wormwood and iron together is said to act as a Trojan horse, creating a literal time bomb for cancer cells. Cancer cells are not as successful as healthy cell in disposing of free floating iron molecules. This weakness causes the presence of iron in general to create stressful environment for cancer cells. This compound works on a general property of cancer cells, their high iron content. Breast cancer cells in particular can sometimes contain up to 15 times more iron receptors than surrounding cells, which is why this iron-artemisinin duo may have an even more profound effect on breast cancer. Artemisinin reacted with iron to form free radicals which cause cell death. The artemisinin and its derivatives are toxic to the malarial parasites at nanomolar concentrations, causing specific membrane structural changes in the erythrocyte stage that kills the parasites. The WHO recommends artemisinin- based combination therapies as first line treatment for P. falciparum malaria because it reacts with the high levels of iron in the parasites to produced the free radicals which then destroy the cell walls of malarial- parasite. Act as anti malarial, anti parasitic, anti fungal, anti microbial, anti-inflammatory.

EFFECT OF LOW DOSE KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON TOURNIQUET INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN LOWER LIMB SURGERIES

Dr. Srishti Meghare, Dr.Kinna Shah, Dr. Bhavana Shah
Anesthesia Department, G C R I, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

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Aim:-There is a constant increase in hemodynamic parameters during prolonged tourniquet inflation .We had investigated the effect of low dose 0.5mg/kg bolus ketamine on hemodynamic changes during tourniquet application in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries under general Anesthesia. Method:-100 patients posted for lower limb surgeries under standard general anesthesia using tourniquet were randomly assigned to one of two groups in double blind study. The Group C (control group) received 10 ml saline IV and Group K (study group) received 0.5mg/kg diluted in 10ml 0.9% saline IV given 10 minutes before tourniquet inflation. We had recorded hemodynamic changes, EtCO2 and Et Sevoflurane at 5 minutes interval up to 20 minutes of tourniquet deflation. Inj. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg supplemented if Systolic BP or heart rate raised more than 30% of base line. Results: - Hemodynamic stability was seen statically significant in Group K (p value, < 0.05) at 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Less number of patients needed supplemental fentanyl intra operatively in Group K than in Group C (3 V/s.18 p value <0.05). Conclusion: - Low dose bolus Ketamine 0.5mg/kg prevents tourniquet induced hypertension in lower limb surgery done under general anesthesia.Aim:-There is a constant increase in hemodynamic parameters during prolonged tourniquet inflation .We had investigated the effect of low dose 0.5mg/kg bolus ketamine on hemodynamic changes during tourniquet application in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries under general Anesthesia. Method:-100 patients posted for lower limb surgeries under standard general anesthesia using tourniquet were randomly assigned to one of two groups in double blind study. The Group C (control group) received 10 ml saline IV and Group K (study group) received 0.5mg/kg diluted in 10ml 0.9% saline IV given 10 minutes before tourniquet inflation. We had recorded hemodynamic changes, EtCO2 and Et Sevoflurane at 5 minutes interval up to 20 minutes of tourniquet deflation. Inj. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg supplemented if Systolic BP or heart rate raised more than 30% of base line. Results: - Hemodynamic stability was seen statically significant in Group K (p value, < 0.05) at 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Less number of patients needed supplemental fentanyl intra operatively in Group K than in Group C (3 V/s.18 p value <0.05). Conclusion: - Low dose bolus Ketamine 0.5mg/kg prevents tourniquet induced hypertension in lower limb surgery done under general anesthesia.

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Aim:-There is a constant increase in hemodynamic parameters during prolonged tourniquet inflation .We had investigated the effect of low dose 0.5mg/kg bolus ketamine on hemodynamic changes during tourniquet application in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries under general Anesthesia. Method:-100 patients posted for lower limb surgeries under standard general anesthesia using tourniquet were randomly assigned to one of two groups in double blind study. The Group C (control group) received 10 ml saline IV and Group K (study group) received 0.5mg/kg diluted in 10ml 0.9% saline IV given 10 minutes before tourniquet inflation. We had recorded hemodynamic changes, EtCO2 and Et Sevoflurane at 5 minutes interval up to 20 minutes of tourniquet deflation. Inj. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg supplemented if Systolic BP or heart rate raised more than 30% of base line. Results: - Hemodynamic stability was seen statically significant in Group K (p value, < 0.05) at 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Less number of patients needed supplemental fentanyl intra operatively in Group K than in Group C (3 V/s.18 p value <0.05). Conclusion: - Low dose bolus Ketamine 0.5mg/kg prevents tourniquet induced hypertension in lower limb surgery done under general anesthesia.Aim:-There is a constant increase in hemodynamic parameters during prolonged tourniquet inflation .We had investigated the effect of low dose 0.5mg/kg bolus ketamine on hemodynamic changes during tourniquet application in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries under general Anesthesia. Method:-100 patients posted for lower limb surgeries under standard general anesthesia using tourniquet were randomly assigned to one of two groups in double blind study. The Group C (control group) received 10 ml saline IV and Group K (study group) received 0.5mg/kg diluted in 10ml 0.9% saline IV given 10 minutes before tourniquet inflation. We had recorded hemodynamic changes, EtCO2 and Et Sevoflurane at 5 minutes interval up to 20 minutes of tourniquet deflation. Inj. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg supplemented if Systolic BP or heart rate raised more than 30% of base line. Results: - Hemodynamic stability was seen statically significant in Group K (p value, < 0.05) at 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Less number of patients needed supplemental fentanyl intra operatively in Group K than in Group C (3 V/s.18 p value <0.05). Conclusion: - Low dose bolus Ketamine 0.5mg/kg prevents tourniquet induced hypertension in lower limb surgery done under general anesthesia.

RELATIVE GROWTH RATE AND SURVIVAL, EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS), AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY BY THE ADDITION OF HERBAL EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTS AS DRUGS AND GROWTH PROMOTERS TO JUVENILE FISHES IN THE FED DIET

G.V. Pavan Kumar*, N. Mehar Nikhitha, Md. Mb.Husnara Begum, V. Chandra Sekhar, N.V.V.S.S. Lakshmi, Ch.Deena, B.Bhavani, P.Rajendra Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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The use of herbs as drugs in disease management is gaining success, because herbal drugs are cost effective, eco-friendly and have minimal side effects. Many studies have proved that herbal additives enhanced the growth of fishes and protect them from diseases. Indeed, the herbs/herbal drugs overcome all these problems and keep the fish healthy by acting as growth promoters and treating the diseases as well. A feeding trial, involving the use of four different starter diets for the feeding of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles, was carried out in the laboratory by intensive cage farming technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding herbal extracts in feed and observations were conducted on efficiency of feed utilization (EFU), relative growth rate (RGR), survival rate(SR) of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish samples in this research with an average weight of 5.34 ± 0.16 g were selected. The formulated diets consist of Fresh Cocus nucifera milk (CNMe), Ficus sycomorus (FSBe), Suaeda maritima (SMPe), Vulva Proliferans (VPAe ), and regular basal diet with all the natural ingredients. The juvenile fishes were distinctly arranged into 6 groups and fed with control, marketed feed also. Every group was fed with formulated basal feed at time intervals of 4hrs thrice a day at 08.00 am, 12.00 pm and 14.00 pm at the ration of around 14.28g/day over a period of 7 days and varied formulated herbal feed for the next 7 days until 84 days study. The results show that the addition of herbal extracts significantly (P<0.05) affected on EFU, RGR on the other hand it insignificantly (P>0.05) affected on SR of Nile tilapia. Based on results, it was concluded that growth performance and feed efficiency increased with the use of Ficus sycomorus berries extract and Suaeda maritima whole plant extract. Ficus sycomorus treatment is highly recommended as live food in the growth promotion of the Oreochromis niloticus fish. The protenaceous food from plants is easily available and most widely cultivable in freshwater fish pond environments, its bio-nutrients are readily available/utilizable by the fish and the procurement is highly economical. This technology uses herbal ingredients in formulation thus contributing towards good quality in fish meal and culturing.

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The use of herbs as drugs in disease management is gaining success, because herbal drugs are cost effective, eco-friendly and have minimal side effects. Many studies have proved that herbal additives enhanced the growth of fishes and protect them from diseases. Indeed, the herbs/herbal drugs overcome all these problems and keep the fish healthy by acting as growth promoters and treating the diseases as well. A feeding trial, involving the use of four different starter diets for the feeding of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles, was carried out in the laboratory by intensive cage farming technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding herbal extracts in feed and observations were conducted on efficiency of feed utilization (EFU), relative growth rate (RGR), survival rate(SR) of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish samples in this research with an average weight of 5.34 ± 0.16 g were selected. The formulated diets consist of Fresh Cocus nucifera milk (CNMe), Ficus sycomorus (FSBe), Suaeda maritima (SMPe), Vulva Proliferans (VPAe ), and regular basal diet with all the natural ingredients. The juvenile fishes were distinctly arranged into 6 groups and fed with control, marketed feed also. Every group was fed with formulated basal feed at time intervals of 4hrs thrice a day at 08.00 am, 12.00 pm and 14.00 pm at the ration of around 14.28g/day over a period of 7 days and varied formulated herbal feed for the next 7 days until 84 days study. The results show that the addition of herbal extracts significantly (P<0.05) affected on EFU, RGR on the other hand it insignificantly (P>0.05) affected on SR of Nile tilapia. Based on results, it was concluded that growth performance and feed efficiency increased with the use of Ficus sycomorus berries extract and Suaeda maritima whole plant extract. Ficus sycomorus treatment is highly recommended as live food in the growth promotion of the Oreochromis niloticus fish. The protenaceous food from plants is easily available and most widely cultivable in freshwater fish pond environments, its bio-nutrients are readily available/utilizable by the fish and the procurement is highly economical. This technology uses herbal ingredients in formulation thus contributing towards good quality in fish meal and culturing.

THE NOVEL USE OF PENTABROMOBENZYL COLUMN FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF THREE ANTIVIRAL DRUGS, SOFOSBUVIR WITH DACLATASVIR OR LEDIPASVIR IN THEIR TABLET DOSAGE FORM AND SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA

Maha Abd-Elrahman. Sultan¹, Maha Mahmoud Abou El-Alamin¹, Sherif F Hammad², Alastair W. Wark³, Marwa Mohamed Azab^*1.
¹Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
²Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
³Center for Molecular Nanometrology, WESTChem, Dept. of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Technology, Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK..

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EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE

Dr.VamseeKrishna. G^*, Dr.Y.A. Chowdary, S.N.S. Sriram, P. Lavanya, G. Varsha Sri, Sk.Sujauddin
Dept. Of Pharmaceutical Analysis, NRI College of Pharmacy, Pothavarappadu, Agiripalli, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Rizatriptan Benzoate is a selective 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist, which is used in the treatment of migraine headache. Three simple, sensitive, selective, accurate, precise, economical, robust, rapid and reproducible ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for quantitative estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate in bulk and tablet dosage form. The solutions of Rizatriptan were prepared using water and solvent blends containing acetonitrile: H2O (1:1), water: methanol (1:1) and studied their influence on estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate. The three different solutions of drug were scanned in the UV region of 200nm-400nm. Rizatriptan benzoate showed maximum absorbance at 224nm in all three different solvents, and obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the concentration range of 2-12?g/ml. The linear regression equations were calculated to be Y=0.913x+0.0065 for acetonitrile: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994), Y=0.0896x+0.0101 for methanol: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994) and Y=0.0858x+0.0134 for water (R2 =0.9992). The analytical parameter such as linearity, A(1%/1cm), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification(LOQ), intermediate precision, molar absorption coefficient and sandells sensitivity were calculated. The validation parameters were treated statistically with one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and significant differences were noted. The study clearly revealed that the solvents influence the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate, the method described was rapid and easy. So it can be used for routine quality control analysis of Rizatriptan benzoate in pharmaceutical preparations.Rizatriptan Benzoate is a selective 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist, which is used in the treatment of migraine headache. Three simple, sensitive, selective, accurate, precise, economical, robust, rapid and reproducible ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for quantitative estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate in bulk and tablet dosage form. The solutions of Rizatriptan were prepared using water and solvent blends containing acetonitrile: H2O (1:1), water: methanol (1:1) and studied their influence on estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate. The three different solutions of drug were scanned in the UV region of 200nm-400nm. Rizatriptan benzoate showed maximum absorbance at 224nm in all three different solvents, and obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the concentration range of 2-12?g/ml. The linear regression equations were calculated to be Y=0.913x+0.0065 for acetonitrile: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994), Y=0.0896x+0.0101 for methanol: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994) and Y=0.0858x+0.0134 for water (R2 =0.9992). The analytical parameter such as linearity, A(1%/1cm), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification(LOQ), intermediate precision, molar absorption coefficient and sandells sensitivity were calculated. The validation parameters were treated statistically with one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and significant differences were noted. The study clearly revealed that the solvents influence the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate, the method described was rapid and easy. So it can be used for routine quality control analysis of Rizatriptan benzoate in pharmaceutical preparations.

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Rizatriptan Benzoate is a selective 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist, which is used in the treatment of migraine headache. Three simple, sensitive, selective, accurate, precise, economical, robust, rapid and reproducible ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for quantitative estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate in bulk and tablet dosage form. The solutions of Rizatriptan were prepared using water and solvent blends containing acetonitrile: H2O (1:1), water: methanol (1:1) and studied their influence on estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate. The three different solutions of drug were scanned in the UV region of 200nm-400nm. Rizatriptan benzoate showed maximum absorbance at 224nm in all three different solvents, and obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the concentration range of 2-12?g/ml. The linear regression equations were calculated to be Y=0.913x+0.0065 for acetonitrile: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994), Y=0.0896x+0.0101 for methanol: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994) and Y=0.0858x+0.0134 for water (R2 =0.9992). The analytical parameter such as linearity, A(1%/1cm), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification(LOQ), intermediate precision, molar absorption coefficient and sandells sensitivity were calculated. The validation parameters were treated statistically with one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and significant differences were noted. The study clearly revealed that the solvents influence the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate, the method described was rapid and easy. So it can be used for routine quality control analysis of Rizatriptan benzoate in pharmaceutical preparations.Rizatriptan Benzoate is a selective 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist, which is used in the treatment of migraine headache. Three simple, sensitive, selective, accurate, precise, economical, robust, rapid and reproducible ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for quantitative estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate in bulk and tablet dosage form. The solutions of Rizatriptan were prepared using water and solvent blends containing acetonitrile: H2O (1:1), water: methanol (1:1) and studied their influence on estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate. The three different solutions of drug were scanned in the UV region of 200nm-400nm. Rizatriptan benzoate showed maximum absorbance at 224nm in all three different solvents, and obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the concentration range of 2-12?g/ml. The linear regression equations were calculated to be Y=0.913x+0.0065 for acetonitrile: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994), Y=0.0896x+0.0101 for methanol: water (1:1) (R2 =0.9994) and Y=0.0858x+0.0134 for water (R2 =0.9992). The analytical parameter such as linearity, A(1%/1cm), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification(LOQ), intermediate precision, molar absorption coefficient and sandells sensitivity were calculated. The validation parameters were treated statistically with one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and significant differences were noted. The study clearly revealed that the solvents influence the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate, the method described was rapid and easy. So it can be used for routine quality control analysis of Rizatriptan benzoate in pharmaceutical preparations.