Welcome to Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

JUNE 2019

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION BY RP-HPLC

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², V. B. Ingale² and Ashok P Gingine³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A VALIDATED RP- HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ARTESUNATE, SULFADOXINE AND PYRIMETHAMINE IN BULK AND TABLETS FORMULATION

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², Khan Jawad S. A.² and Ashok P Gingine³
¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.
³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF VALSARTAN USING SPRAY DRIED DILUENTS

MahaleNitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF OLMESARTAN

Mahale Nitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8- DIOXO -OCTAHYDROXANTHENES IN AQUASE PHASE USING ? - CYCLODEXTRIN AS AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN CATALYST

Shankar P Hangirgekar*, Vijay V Kumbhar,Navanand B Wadwale
School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M.University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra India.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIOSOMES OF MIRTAZAPINE FOR NASAL DELIVERY

Sayeda Salma .S .A^*, Asha A N, V Kusum Devi

Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Hosur Road, Opposite Lalbagh Main Gate, Karnataka, India.

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LIPOSOMES: RECENT INSIGHT FOR BRAIN TARGETING

Zahid Anwer1, Pankaj Nerkar1*, Shailesh Chalikwar1
R C Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUSS ESTIMATION OF PANTOPRAZOLE AND DOMPERIDONE BY UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Barri Swathi*, B.Subramanyam, B.Dharmateja, M.Hari Babu, D.Kiran
Rao`S College of Pharmacy, Buja Buja Nellore, Nellore, AP, India.

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TO ASSESS THE DRUG ADHERENCE, FACTOR AFFECTING ADHERENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE ASTHMA CHILDRENS IN TAMILNADU

Arulprakasam K C^1*, Senthilkumar N²
¹Research Scholar, PRIST University, Tanjavuor, Tamilandu.
²JKKMMRFS Annai JKK Sampoorani Ammal College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Namakkal DT, Tamilnadu.

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The prevalence and associated burden of disease due to asthma, it is mandatory to obtain an optimal control of the disease and to improve outcomes for these patients. But it has been observed that there is very poor adherence to the therapy which leads to the suboptimal control of the disease. To study the adherence for therapy in asthma patients and to assess the impact of health education and self action plan in improving the adherence to the therapy. A prospective study was done in a total of 986 asthma patients over a period of 3 years. Once included in the study, the patients were followed up for a total of 12 weeks for calculation of non-adherence to the therapy. In non-adherent patients, we employed various health education strategies to improve the adherence in these cases. A total of 986 patients of asthma who were started on therapy over duration of 6 months were included in the study. At the end of 12 weeks, it was observed that, only 108 patients (10.95%) had regular adherence and 878 patients (89.05%) were non adherence to the therapy as prescribed for asthma. Factors that were associated with poor adherence were: Lower educational level status, poor socioeconomic status, cumbersome regimens, dislike of medication, Fears about side effects, beliefs, changing in regimen, and patients ill attitudes toward health. After employing the various strategies for improving the adherence in these patients, the adherence increased in patients (61.32%) among the earlier defaulted patients, while the remaining 188 patients (38.68%) were found to be non-adherence even after various educational techniques. Nonadherence in asthma management is a fact of life and no single adherence improving strategy probably will be as effective as a good physician and patient relationship. Optimal self-management allowing for optimization of asthma control by adjustment of medications may be conducted by either self-adjustment with the aid of a written action plan or by regular medical review. Individualized written action plans based on peak expiratory flow are equivalent to action plans based on symptoms.

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The prevalence and associated burden of disease due to asthma, it is mandatory to obtain an optimal control of the disease and to improve outcomes for these patients. But it has been observed that there is very poor adherence to the therapy which leads to the suboptimal control of the disease. To study the adherence for therapy in asthma patients and to assess the impact of health education and self action plan in improving the adherence to the therapy. A prospective study was done in a total of 986 asthma patients over a period of 3 years. Once included in the study, the patients were followed up for a total of 12 weeks for calculation of non-adherence to the therapy. In non-adherent patients, we employed various health education strategies to improve the adherence in these cases. A total of 986 patients of asthma who were started on therapy over duration of 6 months were included in the study. At the end of 12 weeks, it was observed that, only 108 patients (10.95%) had regular adherence and 878 patients (89.05%) were non adherence to the therapy as prescribed for asthma. Factors that were associated with poor adherence were: Lower educational level status, poor socioeconomic status, cumbersome regimens, dislike of medication, Fears about side effects, beliefs, changing in regimen, and patients ill attitudes toward health. After employing the various strategies for improving the adherence in these patients, the adherence increased in patients (61.32%) among the earlier defaulted patients, while the remaining 188 patients (38.68%) were found to be non-adherence even after various educational techniques. Nonadherence in asthma management is a fact of life and no single adherence improving strategy probably will be as effective as a good physician and patient relationship. Optimal self-management allowing for optimization of asthma control by adjustment of medications may be conducted by either self-adjustment with the aid of a written action plan or by regular medical review. Individualized written action plans based on peak expiratory flow are equivalent to action plans based on symptoms.

ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF ACACIA NILOTICA PODS EXTRACT AGAINST FRUCTOSE INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Shrinivas K Sarje*, Varsha Kadam, Snehal Rasale, Vikas Shiradhonkar, Nitin B Ghiware
Department of Pharmacology, Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded, Maharashtra.

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IMPACT OF PERIODIC COUNSELLING ON- APPROPRIATE USAGE OF INHALERS IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES AND ADVERSE EFFECTS MANAGEMENT; A CLINICAL PHARMACIST INITIATIVE-OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Dr. D. Krishnarajan*, Doncy Raichal Chacko, Rohan J Mathew, Sijo Abraham, Thalu Vahana, S.kalaivani
JKKMMRF’s AJKKSA College of pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Nammakkal-638183, Tamilnadu, India.
The Tamilnadu Dr.MGR Medical University , Chennai, Tamilnadu.

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COMPARISON OF PROPOFOL-KETAMINE (KETOFOL) AND PROPOFOL-FENTANYL (FENOFOL) FOR SEDATION, RECOVERY AND HEMODYNAMICS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING BURNS DRESSING CHANGE.

Anum Mughal, Sana Urooj, Jamil Akhtar, Hanya Javaid, Bashir Sheikh, Safia Zafar
Department of Anaesthesiology,SICU and management, Dr Ruth K.M PFAU Civil Hospital Karachi.

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BREAST CANCER: RECENT REVIEW ON MICELLES AS NANO-CARRIERS FOR TREATMENT

Samiksha Suroshe, Pankaj Nerkar*, Kanchan Patil, Shailesh Chalikwar
R C Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur.

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STANDARDIZATION OF SIDDHA HERBO-MINERAL FORMULATION SANDHANATHY CHOORANAM

Dr. Punithavalli V, Dr. Sathiya Thilaga B, Dr. Pitchiah Kumar M, Dr. Banumathy V
Department of Gunapadam (Siddha Pharmacology), Govt. Siddha Medical College, Chennai-600106, Tamilnadu, India.

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WATER MELON - THE MUST MELON

Ms. BHAVISHA PATEL
Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research.

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Benjamin Franklin, Americas greatest citizen, a printer by trade, scientist and philosopher by fame said, Women & Melons are difficult to understand. Water melon (Citrullus lanatus) is a beautiful, juicy, tasty fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family. This family contains all the edible gourds, such as cucumbers, watermelons, Musk melons, squash, and pumpkins. Water melon is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world for its nutritional and medicinal value.[1] It is a flowering plant originally from South Africa. Watermelon is grown in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide for its large edible fruit which is a special kind of berry with a hard rind and no internal division, botanically called a pepo.[2] The sweet, juicy flesh is usually deep red to pink, with many black seeds, although seedless varieties have been cultivated. The fruit can be eaten raw or pickled and the rind is edible after cooking. Watermelon fruit is composed of flesh (68%), seeds (2%) and rind approximately 30% of the total mass of the fruit. The sweet interior flesh of watermelon fruit is usually deep red or pink and in sometimes orange, yellow or may be green if not ripe. Basic macronutrients of watermelon fruit include carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber and fat and their percentages in wet weight basis were 7.50, 0.61, 0.40 and 0.15%, respectively5.[3] Also, watermelon fruit is considered as a rich source of vitamins A, B, C and E and minerals K, mg, Ca and Fe and antioxidants e.g., phenolics and carotenoids6.Beneficial effects of watermelon fruit may be due to its content of bioactive compounds that have antioxidant or anti inflammatory properties. Thus, it is evident that Water melon fruit possess a wide range of useful medicinal properties, which can be exploited clinically. The present review article covers comprehensively up-to-date information on the chemical constituents and medicinal profile of water melon.[4]

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Benjamin Franklin, Americas greatest citizen, a printer by trade, scientist and philosopher by fame said, Women & Melons are difficult to understand. Water melon (Citrullus lanatus) is a beautiful, juicy, tasty fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family. This family contains all the edible gourds, such as cucumbers, watermelons, Musk melons, squash, and pumpkins. Water melon is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world for its nutritional and medicinal value.[1] It is a flowering plant originally from South Africa. Watermelon is grown in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide for its large edible fruit which is a special kind of berry with a hard rind and no internal division, botanically called a pepo.[2] The sweet, juicy flesh is usually deep red to pink, with many black seeds, although seedless varieties have been cultivated. The fruit can be eaten raw or pickled and the rind is edible after cooking. Watermelon fruit is composed of flesh (68%), seeds (2%) and rind approximately 30% of the total mass of the fruit. The sweet interior flesh of watermelon fruit is usually deep red or pink and in sometimes orange, yellow or may be green if not ripe. Basic macronutrients of watermelon fruit include carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber and fat and their percentages in wet weight basis were 7.50, 0.61, 0.40 and 0.15%, respectively5.[3] Also, watermelon fruit is considered as a rich source of vitamins A, B, C and E and minerals K, mg, Ca and Fe and antioxidants e.g., phenolics and carotenoids6.Beneficial effects of watermelon fruit may be due to its content of bioactive compounds that have antioxidant or anti inflammatory properties. Thus, it is evident that Water melon fruit possess a wide range of useful medicinal properties, which can be exploited clinically. The present review article covers comprehensively up-to-date information on the chemical constituents and medicinal profile of water melon.[4]

FORMULTION OF LIPOSOMES CONTAINING EXTRACT OF CYNODON DACTOLON Linn. BY 32 FACTORIAL DESIGN

Yogesh S. Thorat¹, Naushad N. Mirza^1*, Parikshit D. Shirure¹, Avinash H. Hosmani²
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, D.S.T.S. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Solapur, Maharashtra,India
²Department of pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Ratnagiri.

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ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN (IMA) IN SERUM AS A BIOCHEMICAL MARKER IN PRE-ECLAMPSIA

Dr. Navanil Roy, Dr. Mrinal Gupta^*
Department of Biochemistry, Shri Shankracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Junwani Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical college & hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORGANIC LIP BALM

Jadhav Apurva Vinodkumar*, Godse Kirti Chandrahar, Deshmane Prajakta Pradip
Arvind Gavali College of Pharmacy, Jaitapur, Satara-415004, Maharashtra, India.

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PREPARATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF ITRACONAZOLE LOADED NANOSPONGES FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY

Shrishail M. Ghurghure, Kamalapurkar Ka, Thorat Ys, Pathan Ma^*

P. G. Department of Pharmaceutics, D.S.T.S. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Solapur-413004 Maharashtra. India.

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FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF SIMVASTATIN NANO SPONGES FOR ORAL DELIVERY

Shrishail M. Ghurghure, Surwase Priyanka^*

D.S.T.S. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Solapur -413004 Maharashtra. India.

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VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF IBUPROFEN AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

Thakkalapally Lakshmi^*1, Kasth Kranti², Gupta Krishna R², Ganorkar Anvesha V², K.Parameshwar¹
¹Gurunanak Institutions Technical Campus-School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, TelanganA, India-501506.
²Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee-441002, Nagpur (MS).

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ASSESSMENT OF HRQoL IN HEPATIC IMPAIRED PATIENTS: A QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY"

Dinta Maria*, Hephzibah Sara, Jasmin Jacob, Jeena Joy
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.

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The term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reflects the impact of the disease upon a person's quality of life. 3 Chronic liver disease patients experience symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, depression, loss of self-esteem, etc. as a result of disease progression including side-effects of treatment specific therapy, which have a huge impact on their HRQoL. Moreover rising medical costs and declining socio-economic conditions further contribute to the deterioration of the patients mental health and subsequently, HRQoL. [2] CLDQ gave a better understanding of HRQoL in patients with different forms of chronic liver disease and also disease progression. Age and sex did not affect CLDQ scores. Medication nonadherance is a highly prevalent obstacle to achieve and maintain wellness in liver diseased patients.The objective of this study is to to assess the impact of chronic liver disease on quality of life and to determine whether non adherence is a factor for impaired QoL in patients with liver disease. A prospective observational questionnaire based study was conducted in hepatic impaired patients on drug dosing for a period of 6 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The degree of hepatic impairment was calculated using Child-Pugh classification .Self-reported medication adherence was examined using the 8-Question Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).From the 52 CLDQ responses obtained, higher mean scores were found for emotional function [37.01(7.19)] while lower mean scores for activity [11.21(3.72] and abdominal [11.40(3.56)]. The overall CLDQ scores for patients belonging to Child C [4.82(0.73)] and Child B [4.15(0.80)] were higher compared to patients belonging to Child A [3.61(0.80)]. Out of 52 patients, 43 (83%) were observed with an overall CLDQ scores less than five and 9 (17%) patients with an overall CLDQ scores more than or equal to five. Out of 52 patients, 33 had a score less than two and 19 patients with score between 1 or 2 for MMAS-8. Of the 43 patients with an overall CLDQ scores less than five, 27 of them had an MMAS-8 score more than 2 and 16 of them had an MMAS-8 score of 1 or 2. Among the 9 patients with an overall CLDQ score greater than five , 6 patients scored more than 2 and 3 patients scored 1 or 2. The most affected domains were activity and abdominal symptoms whilst the least affected was Emotional function. In conclusion to our study, the domains like Activity, Abdominal and Fatigue were equally affected in Child A, Child B and Child C categories. These findings had statistical significance with P-value <0.05.Our objective on determining the impact of adherence on QoL was successful in highlighting a positive correlation between low medication adherence and poor QoL. This finding was statistically significant with P-value of 0.048. Our conclusion from the CLDQ responses collected is that a major population had poor HRQoL.

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The term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reflects the impact of the disease upon a person's quality of life. 3 Chronic liver disease patients experience symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, depression, loss of self-esteem, etc. as a result of disease progression including side-effects of treatment specific therapy, which have a huge impact on their HRQoL. Moreover rising medical costs and declining socio-economic conditions further contribute to the deterioration of the patients mental health and subsequently, HRQoL. [2] CLDQ gave a better understanding of HRQoL in patients with different forms of chronic liver disease and also disease progression. Age and sex did not affect CLDQ scores. Medication nonadherance is a highly prevalent obstacle to achieve and maintain wellness in liver diseased patients.The objective of this study is to to assess the impact of chronic liver disease on quality of life and to determine whether non adherence is a factor for impaired QoL in patients with liver disease. A prospective observational questionnaire based study was conducted in hepatic impaired patients on drug dosing for a period of 6 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The degree of hepatic impairment was calculated using Child-Pugh classification .Self-reported medication adherence was examined using the 8-Question Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).From the 52 CLDQ responses obtained, higher mean scores were found for emotional function [37.01(7.19)] while lower mean scores for activity [11.21(3.72] and abdominal [11.40(3.56)]. The overall CLDQ scores for patients belonging to Child C [4.82(0.73)] and Child B [4.15(0.80)] were higher compared to patients belonging to Child A [3.61(0.80)]. Out of 52 patients, 43 (83%) were observed with an overall CLDQ scores less than five and 9 (17%) patients with an overall CLDQ scores more than or equal to five. Out of 52 patients, 33 had a score less than two and 19 patients with score between 1 or 2 for MMAS-8. Of the 43 patients with an overall CLDQ scores less than five, 27 of them had an MMAS-8 score more than 2 and 16 of them had an MMAS-8 score of 1 or 2. Among the 9 patients with an overall CLDQ score greater than five , 6 patients scored more than 2 and 3 patients scored 1 or 2. The most affected domains were activity and abdominal symptoms whilst the least affected was Emotional function. In conclusion to our study, the domains like Activity, Abdominal and Fatigue were equally affected in Child A, Child B and Child C categories. These findings had statistical significance with P-value <0.05.Our objective on determining the impact of adherence on QoL was successful in highlighting a positive correlation between low medication adherence and poor QoL. This finding was statistically significant with P-value of 0.048. Our conclusion from the CLDQ responses collected is that a major population had poor HRQoL.

THE EVALUATION OF RATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Merin Titus*, Shana Bency, Sruthi Syam, Steffi Jose
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.

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CORRELATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF Dup A, Ice A AND Hom B GENES OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND OTHER CONFOUNDING FACTORS IN PAKISTAN HELICOBACTER PYLORIISOLATES WITH GASTRODUODENAL DISEASES

Dr. Muhammad Akram Bajwa¹, Dr. Muhammad Idrees¹, Dr. Tarachand Devrajani², Dr. Arshad Kamal Butt³
¹Gastroenterology & Hepatology department Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore & CEMB, University of Punjab.
²Consultant physician at medicine department of Liaquat University of medical and health science.
³Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish PCR based detection assays for dup A, ice A, hom B genes of H. Pylori and detect the presence of these genes in Pakistani H. Pylori isolates, and to examine other confounding factors beside dup A, ice A, hom B such as age, gender, diet and lifestyle characteristics with association of H. Pylori-related diseases METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at gastroenterology Department, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore and molecular techniques were performed in Centre of Excellence and Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, Lahore, with duration of two years. All the cases with symptomatic dyspeptic patients either gender and with age more than 18 years were included in the study. All the subjected patients were undergone to endoscopic examination. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out and specimens were obtained for the gastric biopsy. Specimens were inoculated in the CLO or rapid urease test gel and rest were stored in eppendorf tubes containing normal saline at -20C until DNA extraction. DNA was extracted of the H-pylori by using Gentra DNA extraction Kit (Life Technologies, USA) according to instructions given in protocol of the kit for Qualitative PCR detection of DNA of H. Pylori. The PCT primers sets were designed for the specific detection of dup A, ice A and hom B gene of H. Pylori using primer 3 software. The designed PCR primer sets specific for the H. Pylori dup A, ice A and hom B genes were used for PCR amplification. PCR was performed for the amplification of dup A, ice A and hom B genes. The desired genes were quantified using Real-time PCR. The PCR bands of the amplified genes were gel eluted and were stored at minus 20 degree C till to be used for sequence analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of the cases was found 41.22+8.04 years. Male were more affected 118 (60.2%) as compare to female 78(39.8%). Epigastric discomfort was found in the 196(100%)of the cases where as Bloating and Belching cases were noted as 180(91.8%) while Nausea a & vomiting cases as observed as 138(70.4%). The life style distribution exhibited that Hand wash 188(95.9%)was observed most frequent in all cases and exercise 36(18.4%) of cases, however municipality source water was more common following by Fresh water 48(24.5%) and Filtered water as 4(2.0%) of cases. As indicated by this study CLO/rapid urease test as well as Polymerase chain reaction quantity was noticeably 100% positive in all cases. As per H.pylori genes distribution Hom B was the most common 76(38.8%). A significant association was found in the gene distribution of the H. pylori among both genders male were more linked to Dup A, while female were mostly associated with Ice A and Hom A genes, P-value 0.001. Different type of diets is significantly associated with h pylori genes P value 0.001. Water bad sources were highly associated with h pylori genes as genes were mostly found in municipality water as compare to filtered and fresh water p- value 0.001. CONCLUSION: prevalence of hom-B gene most frequent as compare to Dup A and ice A genes, in the patients having dyspepsia. These genes were strongly associated with bad life style and bad sewerage system along with some poor dietary habits.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish PCR based detection assays for dup A, ice A, hom B genes of H. Pylori and detect the presence of these genes in Pakistani H. Pylori isolates, and to examine other confounding factors beside dup A, ice A, hom B such as age, gender, diet and lifestyle characteristics with association of H. Pylori-related diseases METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at gastroenterology Department, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore and molecular techniques were performed in Centre of Excellence and Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, Lahore, with duration of two years. All the cases with symptomatic dyspeptic patients either gender and with age more than 18 years were included in the study. All the subjected patients were undergone to endoscopic examination. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out and specimens were obtained for the gastric biopsy. Specimens were inoculated in the CLO or rapid urease test gel and rest were stored in eppendorf tubes containing normal saline at -20C until DNA extraction. DNA was extracted of the H-pylori by using Gentra DNA extraction Kit (Life Technologies, USA) according to instructions given in protocol of the kit for Qualitative PCR detection of DNA of H. Pylori. The PCT primers sets were designed for the specific detection of dup A, ice A and hom B gene of H. Pylori using primer 3 software. The designed PCR primer sets specific for the H. Pylori dup A, ice A and hom B genes were used for PCR amplification. PCR was performed for the amplification of dup A, ice A and hom B genes. The desired genes were quantified using Real-time PCR. The PCR bands of the amplified genes were gel eluted and were stored at minus 20 degree C till to be used for sequence analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of the cases was found 41.22+8.04 years. Male were more affected 118 (60.2%) as compare to female 78(39.8%). Epigastric discomfort was found in the 196(100%)of the cases where as Bloating and Belching cases were noted as 180(91.8%) while Nausea a & vomiting cases as observed as 138(70.4%). The life style distribution exhibited that Hand wash 188(95.9%)was observed most frequent in all cases and exercise 36(18.4%) of cases, however municipality source water was more common following by Fresh water 48(24.5%) and Filtered water as 4(2.0%) of cases. As indicated by this study CLO/rapid urease test as well as Polymerase chain reaction quantity was noticeably 100% positive in all cases. As per H.pylori genes distribution Hom B was the most common 76(38.8%). A significant association was found in the gene distribution of the H. pylori among both genders male were more linked to Dup A, while female were mostly associated with Ice A and Hom A genes, P-value 0.001. Different type of diets is significantly associated with h pylori genes P value 0.001. Water bad sources were highly associated with h pylori genes as genes were mostly found in municipality water as compare to filtered and fresh water p- value 0.001. CONCLUSION: prevalence of hom-B gene most frequent as compare to Dup A and ice A genes, in the patients having dyspepsia. These genes were strongly associated with bad life style and bad sewerage system along with some poor dietary habits.

PHYTONUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FLAXSEED

Dharshini¹, Dr.S.Sumayaa², Dr.T.Thirunalasundari ³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Head of the Department, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali, Tamil Nadu, India.

³Principal, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

NARRATIVE REVIEW ON INSIGHTS OF OPTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY BY USING CONTACT LENSES

A. DEEVAN PAUL*, N. ALEKYA, N. ROOPA, NAVYAJA KOTA, NIRANJAN RAO PODILI
SVU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SV University, Tirupati.

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ASSOCIATION OF MIGRAINE AND HORMONES DURING MENSTRUATION, PREGNANCY AND MENOPAUSE

JisnaBabu, Juby Bensen, Judy Thomas, Lini Raju, Dr.Nazish Fathima*
Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere.

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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL FROM PETROL BUNK AT SOUTHEAST BANGALORE

Ajay Kumar Sahu^1*, Rahul Nemani^1*, Prangya Paramita Acharya¹, Dr.Rupali Sinha¹, Subhranil Sengupta¹, Dr. Kirankumar B¹
¹Dept. of Biotechnology, Samblpur University, Odisha, INDIA.
²Dept. of Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, INDIA.

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