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SEPTEMBER 2018

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8- DIOXO -OCTAHYDROXANTHENES IN AQUASE PHASE USING ? - CYCLODEXTRIN AS AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN CATALYST

Shankar P Hangirgekar*, Vijay V Kumbhar,Navanand B Wadwale
School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M.University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra India.

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PHYTONUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FLAXSEED

Dharshini¹, Dr.S.Sumayaa², Dr.T.Thirunalasundari ³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Head of the Department, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali, Tamil Nadu, India.

³Principal, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

RATIONAL APPROACH TOWARDS THE ROLE OF KALAWNJI (NIGELLA SATIVA LINN) IN MARZ - E - AKYAS KHUSYATUR REHM (POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME)-A REVIEW

Md Sheeraz^1*, Arsheed Iqbal¹, Naquibul Islam¹, Abdur Rasheed², Haider Ali Quraishi¹, Shameem Rather¹, Ruqaya Qayoom¹, Md Danish¹
¹Department of Moalajat, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J and K.
²Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Bhadrak, Orissa.

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCO

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCO

THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ROLE OF AN UNANI FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FASAAD-E-TASHAHHUM-FID-DAM (DYSLIPIDEMIA) A REVIEW

Syed Sabahat Ashraf *, Naquibul Islam, Md Sheeraz, Arsheed Iqbal, Haider Ali Quraishi, Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Md Danish
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J and K.

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CLINICAL STUDY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IRSALE ALAQ (LEECH THERAPY) IN ECZEMA

Arsheed Iqbal^*1, Md Sheeraz¹, Afroza Jan¹, Haider Ali Quraishi¹, Raheem A²
¹Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine-University of Kashmir- Srinagar.J & K.
²CCRUM-Ministry of AYUSH-Govt. of India-New Delhi.

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CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LEECHING IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Arsheed Iqbal^*1, Afroza Jan², Md.Sheeraz¹, Haider Ali Quraishi¹, M.A.Wajid³, Raheem A⁴
¹Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, University of Kashmir, Srinagar , Jammu and Kashmir, India.
²Deoband Unani Medical Collage, Deoband- U.P.- India.
³Ex.Deputy Director- RRIUM-Srinagar- Ministry of AYUSH- Govt. of India - New Delhi.
⁴CCRUM-Ministry of AYUSH- Govt. of India - New Delhi.

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Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.

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Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HCL USING BIOPOLYMERS

Patil N. D.1, *Patil K.S.1, Marathe R. P.2
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, Maharashtra- 444604, India.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra-431005, India.

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Natural material and polymers are used as an agent for sustaining the release of different drugs. These substances when comes in contact with water, get hydrated and adhere to mucosa. The present study is aimed at formulation of sustained release mucoadhesive tablet of propranolol HCl using Cordia and Bael mucilage in comparison to HPMC. Propranolol HCl was selected as a model drug, as it has short biological half life hence requires frequent dosing. Wet granulation method was employed for preparation of tablets and prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, erosion study, in-vitro drug release and in-vitro mucoadhesion study. All formulations showed compliance with official standards. Swelling indices are increased with an increase in concentration of the biopolymers whereas erosion showed dependence on nature and concentration of polymer. Mucoadhesive strength was highest for batch F9(28.15±0.65) and lowest for F4(14.91±0.43). Amongst all formulations, F3 exhibited highest percentage of release i.e. 97.12±2.47% in 12 h as well as satisfactory results for other evaluation parameters hence designated as optimized batch. The release kinetics of optimized formulation F3 was best fitted in zero order kinetics. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was 1.057 revealed that the release mechanism was super case II. Optimized formulation F3 was kept for stability study according to ICH guideline, which showed insignificant change in in-vitro drug release and other evaluation parameters hence found stable.Natural material and polymers are used as an agent for sustaining the release of different drugs. These substances when comes in contact with water, get hydrated and adhere to mucosa. The present study is aimed at formulation of sustained release mucoadhesive tablet of propranolol HCl using Cordia and Bael mucilage in comparison to HPMC. Propranolol HCl was selected as a model drug, as it has short biological half life hence requires frequent dosing. Wet granulation method was employed for preparation of tablets and prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, erosion study, in-vitro drug release and in-vitro mucoadhesion study. All formulations showed compliance with official standards. Swelling indices are increased with an increase in concentration of the biopolymers whereas erosion showed dependence on nature and concentration of polymer. Mucoadhesive strength was highest for batch F9(28.15±0.65) and lowest for F4(14.91±0.43). Amongst all formulations, F3 exhibited highest percentage of release i.e. 97.12±2.47% in 12 h as well as satisfactory results for other evaluation parameters hence designated as optimized batch. The release kinetics of optimized formulation F3 was best fitted in zero order kinetics. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was 1.057 revealed that the release mechanism was super case II. Optimized formulation F3 was kept for stability study according to ICH guideline, which showed insignificant change in in-vitro drug release and other evaluation parameters hence found stable.

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Natural material and polymers are used as an agent for sustaining the release of different drugs. These substances when comes in contact with water, get hydrated and adhere to mucosa. The present study is aimed at formulation of sustained release mucoadhesive tablet of propranolol HCl using Cordia and Bael mucilage in comparison to HPMC. Propranolol HCl was selected as a model drug, as it has short biological half life hence requires frequent dosing. Wet granulation method was employed for preparation of tablets and prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, erosion study, in-vitro drug release and in-vitro mucoadhesion study. All formulations showed compliance with official standards. Swelling indices are increased with an increase in concentration of the biopolymers whereas erosion showed dependence on nature and concentration of polymer. Mucoadhesive strength was highest for batch F9(28.15±0.65) and lowest for F4(14.91±0.43). Amongst all formulations, F3 exhibited highest percentage of release i.e. 97.12±2.47% in 12 h as well as satisfactory results for other evaluation parameters hence designated as optimized batch. The release kinetics of optimized formulation F3 was best fitted in zero order kinetics. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was 1.057 revealed that the release mechanism was super case II. Optimized formulation F3 was kept for stability study according to ICH guideline, which showed insignificant change in in-vitro drug release and other evaluation parameters hence found stable.Natural material and polymers are used as an agent for sustaining the release of different drugs. These substances when comes in contact with water, get hydrated and adhere to mucosa. The present study is aimed at formulation of sustained release mucoadhesive tablet of propranolol HCl using Cordia and Bael mucilage in comparison to HPMC. Propranolol HCl was selected as a model drug, as it has short biological half life hence requires frequent dosing. Wet granulation method was employed for preparation of tablets and prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, erosion study, in-vitro drug release and in-vitro mucoadhesion study. All formulations showed compliance with official standards. Swelling indices are increased with an increase in concentration of the biopolymers whereas erosion showed dependence on nature and concentration of polymer. Mucoadhesive strength was highest for batch F9(28.15±0.65) and lowest for F4(14.91±0.43). Amongst all formulations, F3 exhibited highest percentage of release i.e. 97.12±2.47% in 12 h as well as satisfactory results for other evaluation parameters hence designated as optimized batch. The release kinetics of optimized formulation F3 was best fitted in zero order kinetics. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was 1.057 revealed that the release mechanism was super case II. Optimized formulation F3 was kept for stability study according to ICH guideline, which showed insignificant change in in-vitro drug release and other evaluation parameters hence found stable.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE ORAL DISPERSABLE TABLETS

Muggu SankaraBhavani, K.Sudha Rani, K.HarshaVardhan, M.BhavyaSalini
Hindu college of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur, A.P.

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PHARMACOVIGILANCE PROGRAMME IN INDIA PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCE AND ITS PERSPECTIVES

Purushothama Reddy K^1*, Dr. Rajesh Asija², Dr. M. Purushothaman³, Dr. S. Arshiya Banu⁴
^*1Rao's College of Pharmacy, Nellore, A.P – 524 320.
²Sunrise Pharmacy College, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
³Scient Institute of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, R. R. District – 501 506, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
⁴Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, A.P – 516003.

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ADR ASSESSMENT METHODS: AN OVERVIEW

Purushothama Reddy K^1*, Dr. Rajesh Asija², Dr. M. Purushothaman³, Dr. S. Arshiya Banu⁴
^*1Rao's College of Pharmacy, Nellore, A.P – 524 320.
²Sunrise Pharmacy College, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
³Scient Institute of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, R. R. District – 501 506, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
⁴P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, A.P – 516003.

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A STUDY ON DETECTING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTING IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Purushothama Reddy K^1*, Dr. Rajesh Asija², Dr. M. Purushothaman³, Dr. S. Arshiya Banu⁴

^*1Rao's College of Pharmacy, Nellore, A.P – 524 320.
²Sunrise Pharmacy College, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
³Scient Institute of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam, R. R. District – 501 506, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
⁴P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, A.P – 516003.

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Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a reaction which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at dosages normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiological function. It is important to identify the risks for ADRs, hence forth the common drugs causing ADRs, their therapeutic class, demographic data of patients suffered from ADRs & concomitant medications used should be known. Also ADR specific data such as type of reaction, system affected and probable causes will be of great help to minimize the ADRs. To detect the ADRs through spontaneous reporting system in our tertiary care teaching hospital and analyzing them by using World Health Organization (WHO) assessment scales. Method: An prospective observational study was conducted based on ADRs reporting between 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2018 to the ADR reporting unit of the our hospital i.e., Pharmacovigilance cell. The ADRs reported by spontaneous reporting system were from patients attending outpatient department (OPD), inpatient department (IPD) and casualty department. Evaluation of the data was done for various parameters which included patient demographics, drug and reaction characteristics and outcome of the reactions. Assessment was also done for causality and severity. Result: Total 2639 ADRs were reported with in the period from 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2018. Antimicrobial agents (AMA) were the drug class most commonly involved and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) were next to AMA. Cotrimoxazole a well-established agent was the individual drug most frequently reported in this study. Upon causality assessment, majority of the reports were rated as probable (55.89 %). Conclusion: The pattern of ADRs reported in our hospital is comparable with the results of other studies conducted in various hospital set up elsewhere. AMAs were causing maximum ADRs. This study provides a database of ADRs due to common drugs used in our hospital, which will help clinicians for optimum and safe use of these drugs. Hence strict vigilance is required for the use of these likely drugs and their safety assessment.

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Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a reaction which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at dosages normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiological function. It is important to identify the risks for ADRs, hence forth the common drugs causing ADRs, their therapeutic class, demographic data of patients suffered from ADRs & concomitant medications used should be known. Also ADR specific data such as type of reaction, system affected and probable causes will be of great help to minimize the ADRs. To detect the ADRs through spontaneous reporting system in our tertiary care teaching hospital and analyzing them by using World Health Organization (WHO) assessment scales. Method: An prospective observational study was conducted based on ADRs reporting between 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2018 to the ADR reporting unit of the our hospital i.e., Pharmacovigilance cell. The ADRs reported by spontaneous reporting system were from patients attending outpatient department (OPD), inpatient department (IPD) and casualty department. Evaluation of the data was done for various parameters which included patient demographics, drug and reaction characteristics and outcome of the reactions. Assessment was also done for causality and severity. Result: Total 2639 ADRs were reported with in the period from 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2018. Antimicrobial agents (AMA) were the drug class most commonly involved and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) were next to AMA. Cotrimoxazole a well-established agent was the individual drug most frequently reported in this study. Upon causality assessment, majority of the reports were rated as probable (55.89 %). Conclusion: The pattern of ADRs reported in our hospital is comparable with the results of other studies conducted in various hospital set up elsewhere. AMAs were causing maximum ADRs. This study provides a database of ADRs due to common drugs used in our hospital, which will help clinicians for optimum and safe use of these drugs. Hence strict vigilance is required for the use of these likely drugs and their safety assessment.

SYNTHESIS, ANTITUBERCULAR AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL PYRROLYL BENZOHYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES

Tabasum Killedar, Sneha Shiraguppi, Sandhya Chinnamulagund, C. S. Hallikeri, Sheshagiri R. Dixit, V. H. Kulkarni, Shrinivas D. Joshi^*
Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T’s College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580 002, India.

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DEVELOPMENT OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND FORMULATED MICROSPHERE DOSAGE FORM

S N Firke, N B Ghiware*, S B Dhoot, A B Roge, V N Gunjkar, A T Sharma
CRPS, Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded.

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MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS AND RECENT ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATIONS OF OXADIAZOLES FROM 2017-18: A REVIEW

Somashekhar M^*, R B Kotnal
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BLDEA’s SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre Vijaypur-586101, Karnataka.

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A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

K. Maneesha¹, P. Kishore¹, Y. Ravalika², Narasimha Reddy³, D. Sudheer Kumar⁴, R. Deepthi^1*
^1,2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Care College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana.
³PNR GUT& LIVER CLINIC, Hanumakonda, Warangal, Telangana.
⁴Department of Pharmaceutics, Care College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana.

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OPTIMIZATION OF STRESS CONDITIONS OF FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Mr. A B Roge, Dr. G R Shendarkar^*
CRPS, Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded.

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIMVASTATIN FLOATING TABLETS FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE

N. G. Raghavendra Rao1*, M. Laharika2
¹GRD [PG] Institute of Management and Technology, Rajpur, Dehradun – 248009, Uttarakhand, India.
²Graviti Pharmaceutical Private Limited, IDA Pashamylaram, Hyderabad - 502307, Telangana, India.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BIOANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ARGATROBAN IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LC-UV

Varsha Rajkumar Jamakhandi, M S Kalshetti
Department of Quality Assurance, College of Pharmacy, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

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INVESTIGATION OF IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF BARK OF EMBLICA OFFISNALIS

Matsyagiri. L*, Prapulla. P, Dr Hemamalini. K
*Swami Vivekananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vangapally, Yadagirigutta, Yadadri- Bhuvanagiri-508286, Telangana, India.

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ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHIC PRESCRIBING METHODOLOGY IN THE TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS: A CASE REPORT

Girish Gupta¹, Chaturbhuja Nayak^2*, Reteka Sexena³, Arun Kumar³

¹Gaurang Clinic and Centre for Homoeopathic Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

²Homoeopathy University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

³Dr. MPK Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre (under Homoeopathy University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

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HYPOGLYCAEMIC EFFECT OF GILO (Tinospora cordifolia): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW STUDY

Haider Ali Quraishi^*, Naquibul Islam, Md.Sheeraz, Arsheed Iqbal, Shameem Ahmad Rather, Syed Sbahat, Parvez Dar
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, (CCRUM)-University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J& K.

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Diabetes Mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid metabolism and significant & significant disturbance of water, electrolytes. According to WHO the worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 422 million in 2014 and is projected to rise up to 750 million by the year 2030.Oral hypoglycaemic agents like sulphonylureas & bigunanides are still the major players in the management of the disease but there is growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Unani Physicians were very much familiar to the symptoms and complication of the disease. Ibne Sina in his book Al Qanoon has described about the symptoms like polydipsia, polyuria and mentioned gangrene among its complication. The Unani herbal medicine have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. Unani System of Medicine deals with several means of treatment like Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) & Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy), that can be aided as an adjuvant therapies. Where as in Classical Unani literature recommendations of diets & exercise along with various compound formulations and single drugs are being used from ancient time such as Safoofe Ziabetus, Qurs Ziabetus Khas, Qurs Tabasheer, Safoofe Hindi, & Kachnar (Bauhina variegata), Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia), Tukhme Methi or Hulbah (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Klaonji (Nigella sativa), Tukhme Hyat (Witania coagulans), Tukhme Karela (Momordica charantia), Gurmar Booti (Gymnemma sylvester), Talhab (Spirulina platensis).The outcome of these medication is proved to have a hypoglycaemic effect and these can be used along with the dietotherapy in present scenario to reduce the risk of complications. This review paper will discuss the potential of hypoglycaemic effect of Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia) in Diabetes Mellitus.

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Diabetes Mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid metabolism and significant & significant disturbance of water, electrolytes. According to WHO the worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 422 million in 2014 and is projected to rise up to 750 million by the year 2030.Oral hypoglycaemic agents like sulphonylureas & bigunanides are still the major players in the management of the disease but there is growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Unani Physicians were very much familiar to the symptoms and complication of the disease. Ibne Sina in his book Al Qanoon has described about the symptoms like polydipsia, polyuria and mentioned gangrene among its complication. The Unani herbal medicine have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. Unani System of Medicine deals with several means of treatment like Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) & Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy), that can be aided as an adjuvant therapies. Where as in Classical Unani literature recommendations of diets & exercise along with various compound formulations and single drugs are being used from ancient time such as Safoofe Ziabetus, Qurs Ziabetus Khas, Qurs Tabasheer, Safoofe Hindi, & Kachnar (Bauhina variegata), Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia), Tukhme Methi or Hulbah (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Klaonji (Nigella sativa), Tukhme Hyat (Witania coagulans), Tukhme Karela (Momordica charantia), Gurmar Booti (Gymnemma sylvester), Talhab (Spirulina platensis).The outcome of these medication is proved to have a hypoglycaemic effect and these can be used along with the dietotherapy in present scenario to reduce the risk of complications. This review paper will discuss the potential of hypoglycaemic effect of Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia) in Diabetes Mellitus.

A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR IN BREAST CANCER.

Vedasamhitha Ramavarapu, C.Subam Mahender, Srichurnam Sreekar

Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

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A OVERVIEW ON AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY: A REVIEW

Anusha, Shyamala, P.Sirisha
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Joginpally B.R. Pharmacy College, Moinabad, Hyderabad. T.S.

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STUDY OF SYMPTOMS, RISK FACTORS AND PRESCRIBING PATTERNS IN STROKE PATIENTS

K. Soumya Lakshmi^*, Dr. Siddarama.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Creative Educational Society’s College of Pharmacy, N.H.7, Chinnatekur, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE NANOEMULSION FOR BRAIN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE

Nagare Sonali .A^*, Dhobale Avinash.V, Najan Anita.A
Loknete Shri Dadapatil Pharate College of Pharmacy, Mandavgan pharata,Shirur,Dist Pune,412211.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DISPERSIBLE PELLETS OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA BY BOX BEHNKHEN DESIGN

S.S. Dudhamal^*1, P. S.Kawtikwar²
¹Research Scholar, S.R.T.M.U, Nanded.
²S. N. Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad, Yavatmal.

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EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST AND VERMIWASH OF BEEDI LEAF WASTE OF EISENIA FOETIDA ON PLANT GROWTH

Jenitha. K*and Viswanathan, S.
Department of Microbiology, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil.
^*Department of Microbiology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi. (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abisekapatti, Tirunelveli,Tamilnadu-629003, India)

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ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF DODONAEAVISCOSA (L.) JACQ

R. Xavier Arulappa*, M. Ginumol1, D. Deepanchakravarthi, M. Balraj
^*S. A. Raja Pharmacy College, Vadakangulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India.
¹JKK Munirajah College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India.

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