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SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8- DIOXO -OCTAHYDROXANTHENES IN AQUASE PHASE USING ? - CYCLODEXTRIN AS AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN CATALYST

Shankar P Hangirgekar*, Vijay V Kumbhar,Navanand B Wadwale
School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M.University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra India.

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PHYTONUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FLAXSEED

Dharshini¹, Dr.S.Sumayaa², Dr.T.Thirunalasundari ³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Head of the Department, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali, Tamil Nadu, India.

³Principal, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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RATIONAL APPROACH TOWARDS THE ROLE OF KALAWNJI (NIGELLA SATIVA LINN) IN MARZ - E - AKYAS KHUSYATUR REHM (POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME)-A REVIEW

Md Sheeraz^1*, Arsheed Iqbal¹, Naquibul Islam¹, Abdur Rasheed², Haider Ali Quraishi¹, Shameem Rather¹, Ruqaya Qayoom¹, Md Danish¹
¹Department of Moalajat, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J and K.
²Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Bhadrak, Orissa.

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCO

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THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ROLE OF AN UNANI FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FASAAD-E-TASHAHHUM-FID-DAM (DYSLIPIDEMIA) A REVIEW

Syed Sabahat Ashraf *, Naquibul Islam, Md Sheeraz, Arsheed Iqbal, Haider Ali Quraishi, Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Md Danish
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J and K.

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CLINICAL STUDY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IRSALE ALAQ (LEECH THERAPY) IN ECZEMA

Arsheed Iqbal^*1, Md Sheeraz¹, Afroza Jan¹, Haider Ali Quraishi¹, Raheem A²
¹Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine-University of Kashmir- Srinagar.J & K.
²CCRUM-Ministry of AYUSH-Govt. of India-New Delhi.

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CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LEECHING IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Arsheed Iqbal^*1, Afroza Jan², Md.Sheeraz¹, Haider Ali Quraishi¹, M.A.Wajid³, Raheem A⁴
¹Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, University of Kashmir, Srinagar , Jammu and Kashmir, India.
²Deoband Unani Medical Collage, Deoband- U.P.- India.
³Ex.Deputy Director- RRIUM-Srinagar- Ministry of AYUSH- Govt. of India - New Delhi.
⁴CCRUM-Ministry of AYUSH- Govt. of India - New Delhi.

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Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HCL USING BIOPOLYMERS

Patil N. D.1, *Patil K.S.1, Marathe R. P.2
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, Maharashtra- 444604, India.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra-431005, India.

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Natural material and polymers are used as an agent for sustaining the release of different drugs. These substances when comes in contact with water, get hydrated and adhere to mucosa. The present study is aimed at formulation of sustained release mucoadhesive tablet of propranolol HCl using Cordia and Bael mucilage in comparison to HPMC. Propranolol HCl was selected as a model drug, as it has short biological half life hence requires frequent dosing. Wet granulation method was employed for preparation of tablets and prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, erosion study, in-vitro drug release and in-vitro mucoadhesion study. All formulations showed compliance with official standards. Swelling indices are increased with an increase in concentration of the biopolymers whereas erosion showed dependence on nature and concentration of polymer. Mucoadhesive strength was highest for batch F9(28.15±0.65) and lowest for F4(14.91±0.43). Amongst all formulations, F3 exhibited highest percentage of release i.e. 97.12±2.47% in 12 h as well as satisfactory results for other evaluation parameters hence designated as optimized batch. The release kinetics of optimized formulation F3 was best fitted in zero order kinetics. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was 1.057 revealed that the release mechanism was super case II. Optimized formulation F3 was kept for stability study according to ICH guideline, which showed insignificant change in in-vitro drug release and other evaluation parameters hence found stable.Natural material and polymers are used as an agent for sustaining the release of different drugs. These substances when comes in contact with water, get hydrated and adhere to mucosa. The present study is aimed at formulation of sustained release mucoadhesive tablet of propranolol HCl using Cordia and Bael mucilage in comparison to HPMC. Propranolol HCl was selected as a model drug, as it has short biological half life hence requires frequent dosing. Wet granulation method was employed for preparation of tablets and prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, erosion study, in-vitro drug release and in-vitro mucoadhesion study. All formulations showed compliance with official standards. Swelling indices are increased with an increase in concentration of the biopolymers whereas erosion showed dependence on nature and concentration of polymer. Mucoadhesive strength was highest for batch F9(28.15±0.65) and lowest for F4(14.91±0.43). Amongst all formulations, F3 exhibited highest percentage of release i.e. 97.12±2.47% in 12 h as well as satisfactory results for other evaluation parameters hence designated as optimized batch. The release kinetics of optimized formulation F3 was best fitted in zero order kinetics. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was 1.057 revealed that the release mechanism was super case II. Optimized formulation F3 was kept for stability study according to ICH guideline, which showed insignificant change in in-vitro drug release and other evaluation parameters hence found stable.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FOOT CREAM FROM FICUS GLOMERATA EXTRACT

Diksha G Ramtekkar, Dr.Nibha D Bajpai
Department of Cosmetic Technology, LAD and Smt. R P College for Women, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

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Human feet have to maintain the weight of the body but they are often neglected. The skin on our feet is dry as compared to skin on the rest of the body because it has no oil glands and it relies on hundreds of thousands of sweat glands to keep the feet moisturized, therefore, feet need special care for protection, beautification and comfort. Different types of foot care products available in the market are, viz.., Foot powder, Foot spray, Foot Creams, Corn and callus Preparation, etc. Foot cream has the refreshing, anti-pruritic, deodorizing and antiperspirant, cleansing, antiseptic and an antifungal property which prevents foot from the various ailments such as toenail fungus, athletes foot, bunions, corns, calluses, cracked heels and pressures. Since the times of Vedas different herbs are used to treat various diseases and for treating skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, etc. F. glomerata is one of the ancient therapeutic herb which has been largely found in India and whole world to treat diseases. ?-sitosterol, Gluanol acetate, Dumarin, Lupeol and Lupeol acetate are the active constituents present in Ficus glomerata. These active constituents are responsible for the various therapeutic potentials such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, wound healing, etc. but not much work has been done to evaluate the properties of cosmetic importance. The aim of the present study is to explore the properties of cosmetic values such as skin healing and moisturizing property and on evaluation it was found out that the product gave satisfactory results.Human feet have to maintain the weight of the body but they are often neglected. The skin on our feet is dry as compared to skin on the rest of the body because it has no oil glands and it relies on hundreds of thousands of sweat glands to keep the feet moisturized, therefore, feet need special care for protection, beautification and comfort. Different types of foot care products available in the market are, viz.., Foot powder, Foot spray, Foot Creams, Corn and callus Preparation, etc. Foot cream has the refreshing, anti-pruritic, deodorizing and antiperspirant, cleansing, antiseptic and an antifungal property which prevents foot from the various ailments such as toenail fungus, athletes foot, bunions, corns, calluses, cracked heels and pressures. Since the times of Vedas different herbs are used to treat various diseases and for treating skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, etc. F. glomerata is one of the ancient therapeutic herb which has been largely found in India and whole world to treat diseases. ?-sitosterol, Gluanol acetate, Dumarin, Lupeol and Lupeol acetate are the active constituents present in Ficus glomerata. These active constituents are responsible for the various therapeutic potentials such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, wound healing, etc. but not much work has been done to evaluate the properties of cosmetic importance. The aim of the present study is to explore the properties of cosmetic values such as skin healing and moisturizing property and on evaluation it was found out that the product gave satisfactory results.

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RECTAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Akula Prudhvi Sai Krishna, Mohammed Haneefunnisa
GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Gitam (Deemed To Be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam-45.

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FORMULATION AND COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF AYURVEDIC SKIN CREAM

M.B Bhaltadak^*., H. A Navthale, R. R Thenge. S.A Shinde., V. S.Adhov
Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur-443101, Maharashtra, India.

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The purpose of the present research work was to formulate and evaluated the Ayurvedic skin cream of crude drug comprising extracts of curcuma longa (Turmeric). One marketed formulation and one In house formulation were subjected to comparative standardization. There is a growing demand for herbal cosmetics in the world market and they are invaluable gifts of nature. Therefore, we tried to make an Ayurvedic skin cream containing the extract of curcuma longa in along with sandalwood oil. The extract of curcuma longa has antiseptic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and also increases whitening of skin. The sandalwood oil increases the glow on skin and has emollient properties. Hence all these properties are beneficial to normal human keratinocytes and it is safe and stable too. Ayurvedic creams offer several advantages over other creams because of its side effects such as allergic reaction. Ayurvedic skin creams do not have any of these side effects, without any harm or unwanted effects it gives the fairness look to skin. The prepared Ayurvedic skin cream was evaluated with different parameters like appearance, Spreadability; pH, viscosity, rheological study and stability along with irritancy test. Stability parameters of the formulations showed that there was no significant variation between marketed and in house formulation during the study period. The cream was found to be more stable during stability study; thus the present study suggested that it is possible develop Ayurvedic skin cream containing herbal extract and can be used as antiseptic and for beautifying purpose.The purpose of the present research work was to formulate and evaluated the Ayurvedic skin cream of crude drug comprising extracts of curcuma longa (Turmeric). One marketed formulation and one In house formulation were subjected to comparative standardization. There is a growing demand for herbal cosmetics in the world market and they are invaluable gifts of nature. Therefore, we tried to make an Ayurvedic skin cream containing the extract of curcuma longa in along with sandalwood oil. The extract of curcuma longa has antiseptic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and also increases whitening of skin. The sandalwood oil increases the glow on skin and has emollient properties. Hence all these properties are beneficial to normal human keratinocytes and it is safe and stable too. Ayurvedic creams offer several advantages over other creams because of its side effects such as allergic reaction. Ayurvedic skin creams do not have any of these side effects, without any harm or unwanted effects it gives the fairness look to skin. The prepared Ayurvedic skin cream was evaluated with different parameters like appearance, Spreadability; pH, viscosity, rheological study and stability along with irritancy test. Stability parameters of the formulations showed that there was no significant variation between marketed and in house formulation during the study period. The cream was found to be more stable during stability study; thus the present study suggested that it is possible develop Ayurvedic skin cream containing herbal extract and can be used as antiseptic and for beautifying purpose.

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IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN Cyperus rotundus BY GC-MS ANALYSIS AND THEIR INHIBITORY EFFECT ON DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING

Jayashree .S¹, K.Vijayalakshmi², Reena Rosy Thomas³
¹School of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore.
²Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women’s College, Chennai.
³Division of Social Sciences, IIHR, Bangalore.

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TO ASSESS AND COMPARE THE OUTCOME OF HAMILTON ANXIETY RATING SCALE (HAM-A) AND ZUNG SELF RATING ANXIETY SCALE (ZSRAS) IN PATIENTS OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER TAKING SERTRALINE TABLETS

Sangeeta Verma, Shivali Singla^*, Sachin Goyal
Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy, Kala-Amb, Sirmour (H.P.).

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Background: Sertraline is an anxiolytic drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane and is used to treat patients suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Various types of scale are available for assessment of Anxiety. Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing and comparing the outcome of ZSRAS & HAM-A in patients of GAD taking Sertraline Oral Tablets. Primary: To determine efficacy of Sertraline tablet as anxiolytic effect for treatment of GAD using ZSRAS as a tool for measuring anxiety level. Secondary: to evaluate whether ZSRAS score can be used in place of HAM-A as screening tool as well as efficacy tool for anxiety research. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 52 patients (46% Male, 54% Female) having with moderate to severe GAD (HAM-A ? 18) without any other psychiatric disorder as per DSM- IV-TR. Patients were put on Sertraline tablet 50 mg in the morning for daily for 63 days (9 weeks). ZSRAS and HAM-A scoring were performed on day 1 (randomization visit) and day 63 (end of the study visit). ZSRAS total scores (raw scores) were converted to Anxiety Index for comparison with HAM-A scores. Anxiety index scores of screening were compared with HAM-A total scores for assessing sensitivity and specificity of ZSRAS in differentiating severe level of anxiety from moderate anxiety. ZSRAS was compared with HAM-A as efficacy assessment tool by Spearmens Rho test. Efficacy of Sertraline was assessed by comparing the ZSRAS scores of randomization visit and end of the study visit by wilcoxon paired signed rank test. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of ZSRAS compared with HAM-A was calculated to 60% and 93%, respectively, indicating good differentiating capacity of ZSRAS for various anxiety levels. A significant decrease was observed in the total ZSRAS score from randomization visit to end of the study visit. The correlation co-efficient of ZSARS and HAM-A were found to be 0.736 by spearmans rho. The observed decrease in ZSRAS score was found to be significant at P < 0.001 by wilcoxon paired sign ranked test indicating potent anxiolytic efficacy of Sertraline. Conclusions: Sertraline have good efficacy in treatment of GAD. The ZSRAS scale can be used in place of HAM-A as screening tool and efficacy assessment tool in anxiety research.

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AN OVERVIEW ON ANTI-RETROVIRAL DRUGS: A REVIEW

Juluri Krishna Dutta Tejaswi^1*, Dr. R. Govinda Rajan²
¹Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (AP), India.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur (AP), India.

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A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PRESCRIPTION PATTERN IN CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE

Uthkarsha Vinesh^*, Nikhil Kurian, Nivya P.S., Vanendra Yadav S., Nandan H.N., Divya Shree N.
^*Bharathi College of Pharmacy, Bharathinagara, K. M. Doddi, Mandya, Karnataka, India – 571422.

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Background: Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is a complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnoea and fatigue and signs of CCF namely edema and rales. The incidence and prevalence of CCF is increasing. In India CCF affects younger age group but in western countries it's predominantly a disease of elderly. Objective: To study the prescription pattern in congestive cardiac failure in Mandya Institute of Medical Science, Mandya. Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at the department of General Medicine of MIMS. Data was collected from 150 patients under the inclusion criteria. The patients case records, medication charts and other relevant documents were used as a source for data collection. A well designed patient data collection form was used for collecting the details. The information were documented and subjected to suitable statistical methods. Result: Total 150 prescriptions with CCF were collected. The mean age was found to be 65.08 ± 14.11 years and male 58% and female 42%. About 573 drugs were prescribed for treating CCF in 150 patients who are included in the study and 90 drugs were given for treating respiratory failure associated with CCF. The drugs prescribed were diuretics (88%), antiplatelet drugs (66%), statin (60%), ACE-inhibitors (50%), ?-adrenergic blockers (28%), vasodilators (24%), anticoagulants (18%), sympathomimetic (10%), angiotensin receptor blockers (6%), aldosterone antagonist (2%), cardiac glycosides (2%), PDE-5 inhibitor (2%) and anti-ischaemic metabolic agent (2%). 60% of the total prescriptions under the study contained nebulisation with salbutamol sulphate + ipratropium bromide + budesonide (58%) and salbutamol sulphate + budesonide (2%). Single formulation of two drug combination was given in 24% of the total number of prescriptions which were constituted by atorvastatin + aspirin (18%), atorvastatin + clopidogrel (2%), atorvastatin + fenofibrate (2%), spironolactone + torsemide (2%). 401 (57.8%) of the drugs were received orally, 41 (5.7%) intravenously, 119 (17.9 %) intramuscularly, 27(4.1%) subcutaneously, 6(0.9%) sublingually and 90 (13.2%) drugs by inhalational route. Conclusion: Our study concludes that CCF is mostly seen in males and the age group in which it is mostly found is ?65 years. We found that the prescription pattern in congestive cardiac failure vary with inter subject variability and our study concludes that polytherapy was beneficial over monotherapy

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RECENT TRENDS IN PHARMACUETICAL REVERSE ENGINEERING

Warad T.A^*1, Karbhari V.N², Dhanasure S.G³

¹Latur College of Pharmacy Hasegaon, Latur Maharashtra.

²Maharashtra Poly. Pharmacy Institute Nilanga, Maharashtra.

³Maharashtra College of Pharmacy Nilanga, Maharashtra.

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DETECTION AND MONITORING OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS DUE TO ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Waseem Yahya Khanday, Prashant Mathur
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Science and Technology, SGRRITS, Patel Nagar (248001), Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

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Objectives: Adverse drug reactions are well known to occur with any class of drugs when used in normal doses for the management of diseases and prophylaxis. Antipsychotic drugs are no exception to this. The main aim of this study was to detect and monitor adverse drug reactions in inpatients of Psychiatry department in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: It is a prospective observational study carried out for a period of six months, after getting approval from human ethical committee among the inpatients of the department of psychiatry, Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital, Dehradun. Result: Total 133 patients were screened for this study, out of which 37 patients were detected with ADR. Incidence of ADRs was higher in females (51.3%) than in males (48.6%). The age group mostly affected was between 20-39 years of age. The most commonly reported ADR observed was dizziness among 15(40.54%) patients followed by headache among 6(16.21%) patients, insomnia among 5(13.51%) patients, Akathisia among 5(13.51%) patients, chest pain among 1(2.70%) and sedation among 1(2.70%)patients. The most commonly antipsychotic drug responsible for the cause of ADR was Olanzepine (32.43%) followed by Haloperidol (21.62%), Clozapine (13.51%), Quetiapine (10.81%), Resperidone (8.10%), Trifluoperazine (5.40), Flupenthixol (2.70%), Aripiprazole (2.70%) and Amisulpride (2.70%). Majority of ADRs were of type A (67.56%) according to WHO classification. Majority of ADRs were assessed as probable (91.90%) according to Naranjo Causality Scale. Majority of ADRs were assessed as Moderate (59.45%) and rest were Mild (40.54%) according to modified Hartwig-Seigel severity assessment scale. The outcome of ADRs reported was 29(78.38%) cases recovered while 8(21.62%) cases were reported to be recovering and no fatal outcome was observed. Conclusion: The study shows that both typical as well as atypical Antipsychotic drugs can cause ADRs. So there is need to implement the guidelines for Antipsychotic drug use in hospital setting and ADR management through therapeutic interventions would be beneficial in the better patient outcomeObjectives: Adverse drug reactions are well known to occur with any class of drugs when used in normal doses for the management of diseases and prophylaxis. Antipsychotic drugs are no exception to this. The main aim of this study was to detect and monitor adverse drug reactions in inpatients of Psychiatry department in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: It is a prospective observational study carried out for a period of six months, after getting approval from human ethical committee among the inpatients of the department of psychiatry, Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital, Dehradun. Result: Total 133 patients were screened for this study, out of which 37 patients were detected with ADR. Incidence of ADRs was higher in females (51.3%) than in males (48.6%). The age group mostly affected was between 20-39 years of age. The most commonly reported ADR observed was dizziness among 15(40.54%) patients followed by headache among 6(16.21%) patients, insomnia among 5(13.51%) patients, Akathisia among 5(13.51%) patients, chest pain among 1(2.70%) and sedation among 1(2.70%)patients. The most commonly antipsychotic drug responsible for the cause of ADR was Olanzepine (32.43%) followed by Haloperidol (21.62%), Clozapine (13.51%), Quetiapine (10.81%), Resperidone (8.10%), Trifluoperazine (5.40), Flupenthixol (2.70%), Aripiprazole (2.70%) and Amisulpride (2.70%). Majority of ADRs were of type A (67.56%) according to WHO classification. Majority of ADRs were assessed as probable (91.90%) according to Naranjo Causality Scale. Majority of ADRs were assessed as Moderate (59.45%) and rest were Mild (40.54%) according to modified Hartwig-Seigel severity assessment scale. The outcome of ADRs reported was 29(78.38%) cases recovered while 8(21.62%) cases were reported to be recovering and no fatal outcome was observed. Conclusion: The study shows that both typical as well as atypical Antipsychotic drugs can cause ADRs. So there is need to implement the guidelines for Antipsychotic drug use in hospital setting and ADR management through therapeutic interventions would be beneficial in the better patient outcome.

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ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS DUE TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: A REVIEW

Waseem Yahya, Prashant Mathur
Department of Pharmacy Practice Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology and science (SGRRU), Patel Nagar, Dehradun (248001), Uttarakhand, India.

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FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF RASAGILINE MESYLATE IN SITU NASAL GEL

Mamatha Kola^*, G. Kaushal Puri, M. Tanveer Unnisa, J. Swapna, K. Phanivarma
S.S.J College of Pharmacy, V.N.Pally, Gandipet, Hyderabad, 500075.

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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF COUNSELNG TOOLS FOR PREVENTING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS AMONG DIFFERENTLY ENABLED IN SPEAKING AND HEARING POPULATION

Dr. Md. K. Rahman^*1, Dr. G. V. Nagaraju², Dr. N. Tendu Pranadeep³, Qudsia Fatima⁴
^*2Clinical Pharmacist, HBP Department, Apollo Hospitals, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
³Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Kakinada, A.P, India.
⁴Clinical Pharmacist, Help Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF METFORMIN MICROSPHERES BY USING PENETRATION ENHANCER 0.5% EDTA

Suraj A. Kamble^*, Pritam Kumbhar¹
^*Department of Pharmaceutics, SVPM’S College of Pharmacy, Malegaon Tal: Baramati, Dist: Pune India.
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Dattakala College of Pharmacy, Swami-chincholi Bhigwan Tal: Daund Dist:Pune 413130, India.

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The aim of project to prepare and evaluate the metformin microspheres with and without bio enhancer EDTA by using mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium alginate and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and to study release rate of metformin. The microsphere of metformin was prepared by sodium alginate and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water with 0.5 % penetration enhancer in this solution 100 mg of metformin was added. Then this solution was added by drop by drop to 4 % calcium chloride solution with the help of 10 ? size syringe which produces spherical microspheres which was collected by filtering through whatman filter paper. The evaluation parameters for developed microspheres were angle of repose, particle size, bulk density, swelling index respectively. The release rate was studied for 5 hrs. By using UV visible double beam spectrophotometer at wavelength 232 nm represent that drug was released by controlled release mechanism. From this experimental study it was concluded that developed microspheres for metformin represent 24 ? size spherical shape with significant evaluation parameter and microsphere study of metformin microsphere with 0.5 % EDTA represent slight increase in release profile of metformin from developed metformin microsphere. It is clear that there is great deal of potential for the use of microsphere drug delivery formulations to treat diabetes, only few of these formulations have progressed enough in human studies to have proven their worth both in enhancing the efficacy of the drugs being delivered and minimizing the undesirable side effects.The aim of project to prepare and evaluate the metformin microspheres with and without bio enhancer EDTA by using mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium alginate and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and to study release rate of metformin. The microsphere of metformin was prepared by sodium alginate and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water with 0.5 % penetration enhancer in this solution 100 mg of metformin was added. Then this solution was added by drop by drop to 4 % calcium chloride solution with the help of 10 ? size syringe which produces spherical microspheres which was collected by filtering through whatman filter paper. The evaluation parameters for developed microspheres were angle of repose, particle size, bulk density, swelling index respectively. The release rate was studied for 5 hrs. By using UV visible double beam spectrophotometer at wavelength 232 nm represent that drug was released by controlled release mechanism. From this experimental study it was concluded that developed microspheres for metformin represent 24 ? size spherical shape with significant evaluation parameter and microsphere study of metformin microsphere with 0.5 % EDTA represent slight increase in release profile of metformin from developed metformin microsphere. It is clear that there is great deal of potential for the use of microsphere drug delivery formulations to treat diabetes, only few of these formulations have progressed enough in human studies to have proven their worth both in enhancing the efficacy of the drugs being delivered and minimizing the undesirable side effects.The aim of project to prepare and evaluate the metformin microspheres with and without bio enhancer EDTA by using mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium alginate and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and to study release rate of metformin. The microsphere of metformin was prepared by sodium alginate and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water with 0.5 % penetration enhancer in this solution 100 mg of metformin was added. Then this solution was added by drop by drop to 4 % calcium chloride solution with the help of 10 ? size syringe which produces spherical microspheres which was collected by filtering through whatman filter paper. The evaluation parameters for developed microspheres were angle of repose, particle size, bulk density, swelling index respectively. The release rate was studied for 5 hrs. By using UV visible double beam spectrophotometer at wavelength 232 nm represent that drug was released by controlled release mechanism. From this experimental study it was concluded that developed microspheres for metformin represent 24 ? size spherical shape with significant evaluation parameter and microsphere study of metformin microsphere with 0.5 % EDTA represent slight increase in release profile of metformin from developed metformin microsphere. It is clear that there is great deal of potential for the use of microsphere drug delivery formulations to treat diabetes, only few of these formulations have progressed enough in human studies to have proven their worth both in enhancing the efficacy of the drugs being delivered and minimizing the undesirable side effects.

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BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY USING CAJANUS CAJAN FLOWER EXTRACTS AND ITS ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

N.Muruganantham^1*, T. Arunachalam¹, P.Ranjitha¹, P.Anitha¹, Anjalai¹, Sivasangari¹
^1*Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Hans Roever College (Autonomous), Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India.
²Department of Physics, Roever College of Engineering and Technology, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from chemists and researchers. In this concern, Indian flora has yet to divulge innumerable sources of cost effective non-hazardous reducing and stabilizing compounds utilized in preparing AgNPs. This study investigates an efficient and sustainable route of AgNP preparation from 1mM aqueous AgNO3 using flower extracts of Cajanus cajan Leguminosea family well adored for their wide availability and medicinal property. The AgNPs were characterization by UV-visible (Vis) spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis was carried out to determine the nature of the capping agents in each of these flower extracts. AgNPs obtained showed significantly higher antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, and E.coli in comparison to both AgNO3 and raw plant extracts. In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibility utilized in processes of pollution remediation, may also be efficiently utilized in agricultural research to obtain better health of crop plants as shown by our studyGreen synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from chemists and researchers. In this concern, Indian flora has yet to divulge innumerable sources of cost effective non-hazardous reducing and stabilizing compounds utilized in preparing AgNPs. This study investigates an efficient and sustainable route of AgNP preparation from 1mM aqueous AgNO3 using flower extracts of Cajanus cajan Leguminosea family well adored for their wide availability and medicinal property. The AgNPs were characterization by UV-visible (Vis) spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis was carried out to determine the nature of the capping agents in each of these flower extracts. AgNPs obtained showed significantly higher antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, and E.coli in comparison to both AgNO3 and raw plant extracts. In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibility utilized in processes of pollution remediation, may also be efficiently utilized in agricultural research to obtain better health of crop plants as shown by our study.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUISOLID COMPACTS OF RISPERIDONE

Joslin J^*, Bharani S Sogali^**
Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy,#12/1,Chikkabellandur,Carmelaram Post,Varthur Hobli, Banglore-560035, KA.

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Abstract

According to the liquisolid methodology, liquid medications in solutions or suspension form of water insoluble drugs in suitable nonvolatile liquid solvent can be converted into readily flowing and adequately compressible powders by a simple addition with certain powder substrates, referred to as the carrier and coating materials. Release rates are enhanced due to the increased wetting properties and surface area of drug available for dissolution. Liquisolid tablets of Risperidone containing MCC and Aerosil 200 as powder substrates of different excipient ratios from 5 to 35 were prepared using PG as non volatile solvent. Before compression, powdered mass were evaluated for flow properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carrs compressibility index and Hausners ratio and the formulated liquisolid tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, and disintegration time. The release rates of all products were assessed using the USP type II dissolution apparatus. It was observed that maximum drug dissolution rates exhibited by systems that have powder substrates with optimum carrier to coating ratios (20:1). FTIR spectra and DSC illustrated no significant interaction between drug and excipients used. From this study it was concluded that the liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-insoluble drugs.According to the liquisolid methodology, liquid medications in solutions or suspension form of water insoluble drugs in suitable nonvolatile liquid solvent can be converted into readily flowing and adequately compressible powders by a simple addition with certain powder substrates, referred to as the carrier and coating materials. Release rates are enhanced due to the increased wetting properties and surface area of drug available for dissolution. Liquisolid tablets of Risperidone containing MCC and Aerosil 200 as powder substrates of different excipient ratios from 5 to 35 were prepared using PG as non volatile solvent. Before compression, powdered mass were evaluated for flow properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carrs compressibility index and Hausners ratio and the formulated liquisolid tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, and disintegration time. The release rates of all products were assessed using the USP type II dissolution apparatus. It was observed that maximum drug dissolution rates exhibited by systems that have powder substrates with optimum carrier to coating ratios (20:1). FTIR spectra and DSC illustrated no significant interaction between drug and excipients used. From this study it was concluded that the liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-insoluble drugs.According to the liquisolid methodology, liquid medications in solutions or suspension form of water insoluble drugs in suitable nonvolatile liquid solvent can be converted into readily flowing and adequately compressible powders by a simple addition with certain powder substrates, referred to as the carrier and coating materials. Release rates are enhanced due to the increased wetting properties and surface area of drug available for dissolution. Liquisolid tablets of Risperidone containing MCC and Aerosil 200 as powder substrates of different excipient ratios from 5 to 35 were prepared using PG as non volatile solvent. Before compression, powdered mass were evaluated for flow properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carrs compressibility index and Hausners ratio and the formulated liquisolid tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, and disintegration time. The release rates of all products were assessed using the USP type II dissolution apparatus. It was observed that maximum drug dissolution rates exhibited by systems that have powder substrates with optimum carrier to coating ratios (20:1). FTIR spectra and DSC illustrated no significant interaction between drug and excipients used. From this study it was concluded that the liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-insoluble drugs.

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A REVIEW ON BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Pranshu Tangri¹, Deepak Chandra Sharma^*1, Sunil Jawla², Ravinesh Mishra³
¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University Patel Nager, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
²Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur-247341, Uttar Pradesh, India.
³School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technology, Baddi (Solan)-173205, Himachal Pradesh, India.

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Abstract

The buccal region of the oral cavity is an attractive target for administration of the drug of choice, particularly in overcoming deficiencies associated with the latter mode of administration. Problems such as high first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal environment can be circumvented by administering the drug via the buccal route. Moreover, rapid onset of action can be achieved relative to the oral route and the formulation can be removed if therapy is required to be discontinued. It is also possible to administer drugs to patients who unconscious and less co-operative. To prevent accidental swallowing of drugs adhesive mucosal dosage forms were suggested for oral delivery, which included adhesive tablets, adhesive gels, adhesive patches and many other dosage forms with various combinations of polymers, absorption enhancers. Natural polymers have recently gained importance in pharmaceutical field. Mucoadhesive polymers are used to improve drug delivery by enhancing the dosage forms contact time and residence time with the mucous membranes. Mucoadhesion may be defined as the process where polymers attach to biological substrate or a synthetic or natural macromolecule, to mucus or an epithelial surface. When the biological substrate is attached to a mucosal layer then this phenomenon is known as mucoadhesion. The substrate possessing bioadhesive polymer can help in drug delivery for a prolonged period of time at a specific delivery site. The studies of Mucoadhesive polymers provide a good approach of mucoadhesion and some factors which have the ability to affect the mucoadhesive properties of a polymer. Both natural and synthetic polymers are used for the preparation of mucoadhesive buccal patches. In addition to this, studies have been conducted on the development of controlled or slow release delivery systems for systemic and local therapy of diseases in the oral cavity.

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ANGIOSPERMIC FOSSIL WOOD FROM THE DECCAN INTERTRAPEAN BEDS OF BHUTERA M.P. INDIA

Meshram S. M.¹, Mohture V.M²
¹Manoharbhai Patel College of Art, Commerce and Science Sakoli. Dist. Bhandara. MS.
²Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi Arts, And Science College Nagbhir, Dist. Chandrapur.MS.

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INVESTIGATION OF GINGER ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AS AN ANTICATARACT AGENT

Kulkarni A.S^1*, Bundel S.S², Thoke S.T³. Attal.V.R¹. Shital Allapure¹
¹SBNM College of Pharmacy, Hatta, Basmat, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India.
²SVP College of Pharmacy (B.Pharm), Hatta, Dist.Hingoli.
³SSS Indira College of Pharmacy, Vishnupuri Nanded.

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Abstract

Cataract is visual impairment which arises as a result of a disturbance of lens lucidity. It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide which is one of the major health problems and has drawn a little attention in worldwide. The loss of vision from cataract is a major cause of blindness in developing countries. The lens is made of mostly water and protein. The proteins is arranged in a precise way that keeps the lens clear and lets light pass through it. But as we age, some of the protein and clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens this is a cataract. Natural antioxidants are famous for their capacity to protect organisms and cells from damage due to oxidative stress, the later being considered a cause of ageing and degenerative diseases. The antioxidants present in food especially vegetables, are phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), Carotenoids, tocopherol Etc.The present study evaluated the in vitro Anticataract activities of Ginger Ethanolic Extract has, show magnificent a Antioxidant activity against glucose-induced cataract genesis using goat lenses. The isolated goat lenses are incubated in artificial aqueous humor and divided into four experimental groups. The Ginger Ethanolic Extract at a dose of 400?g and 500?g/ml is incubated simultaneously with glucose (55 mM) and glucose (5. 5mM) for a period of 72 h. ascorbic acid (20 ?g/ml) is used as the standard drug. At the end of the incubation lenses opacity is measured by photographic evaluation. The Ginger Extract shows significant inhibition of cataractogenesis of eye lenses at conc. 400?g and 500 p.p.m. The present study suggested that the ethanol extract of Ginger possesses Anticataract activityCataract is visual impairment which arises as a result of a disturbance of lens lucidity. It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide which is one of the major health problems and has drawn a little attention in worldwide. The loss of vision from cataract is a major cause of blindness in developing countries. The lens is made of mostly water and protein. The proteins is arranged in a precise way that keeps the lens clear and lets light pass through it. But as we age, some of the protein and clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens this is a cataract. Natural antioxidants are famous for their capacity to protect organisms and cells from damage due to oxidative stress, the later being considered a cause of ageing and degenerative diseases. The antioxidants present in food especially vegetables, are phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), Carotenoids, tocopherol Etc.The present study evaluated the in vitro Anticataract activities of Ginger Ethanolic Extract has, show magnificent a Antioxidant activity against glucose-induced cataract genesis using goat lenses. The isolated goat lenses are incubated in artificial aqueous humor and divided into four experimental groups. The Ginger Ethanolic Extract at a dose of 400?g and 500?g/ml is incubated simultaneously with glucose (55 mM) and glucose (5. 5mM) for a period of 72 h. ascorbic acid (20 ?g/ml) is used as the standard drug. At the end of the incubation lenses opacity is measured by photographic evaluation. The Ginger Extract shows significant inhibition of cataractogenesis of eye lenses at conc. 400?g and 500 p.p.m. The present study suggested that the ethanol extract of Ginger possesses Anticataract activity.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL IN SITU GEL CONTAINING REPAGLINDE

Shubhechha Bansod, Vaishnavi Bankar, Manisha S. Karpe, Vilasrao J. Kadam
University of Mumbai, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, C.B.D. Belapur, Sector 8,Navi Mumbai- 400614, India.

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COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS USED TO PREPARE LIPOSOMES- A REVIEW

Muhammad Razi Ullah Khan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Superior College, Lahore, PAKISTAN.
University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PAKISTAN.

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STANDARDIZATION OF BIOSAPONINS, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

A. R.Sakore^1*, M.G Kalaskar², A.B. Bendre³, J.A.Kumawat^1, T.T.Shelke⁴
¹GSMCOP Wagholi, Pune 412102, Maharashtra, India.

²R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur.
³Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Narhe Pune, Maharashtra, India.

⁴SVERIs College of Pharmacy,Pandharpur-413304.

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SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

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ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8- DIOXO -OCTAHYDROXANTHENES IN AQUASE PHASE USING ? - CYCLODEXTRIN AS AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN CATALYST

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PHYTONUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FLAXSEED

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RATIONAL APPROACH TOWARDS THE ROLE OF KALAWNJI (NIGELLA SATIVA LINN) IN MARZ - E - AKYAS KHUSYATUR REHM (POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME)-A REVIEW

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THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ROLE OF AN UNANI FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FASAAD-E-TASHAHHUM-FID-DAM (DYSLIPIDEMIA)  A REVIEW

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CLINICAL STUDY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IRSALE ALAQ (LEECH THERAPY) IN ECZEMA

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CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LEECHING IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HCL USING BIOPOLYMERS

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FOOT CREAM FROM FICUS GLOMERATA EXTRACT

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RECTAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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FORMULATION AND COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF AYURVEDIC SKIN CREAM

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IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN Cyperus rotundus BY GC-MS ANALYSIS AND THEIR INHIBITORY EFFECT ON DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING

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TO ASSESS AND COMPARE THE OUTCOME OF HAMILTON ANXIETY RATING SCALE (HAM-A) AND ZUNG SELF RATING ANXIETY SCALE (ZSRAS) IN PATIENTS OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER TAKING SERTRALINE TABLETS

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AN OVERVIEW ON ANTI-RETROVIRAL DRUGS: A REVIEW

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A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PRESCRIPTION PATTERN IN CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE

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RECENT TRENDS IN PHARMACUETICAL REVERSE ENGINEERING

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DETECTION AND MONITORING OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS DUE TO ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Graphical Abstract

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS DUE TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: A REVIEW

Graphical Abstract

FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF RASAGILINE MESYLATE IN SITU NASAL GEL

Graphical Abstract

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF COUNSELNG TOOLS FOR PREVENTING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS AMONG DIFFERENTLY ENABLED IN SPEAKING AND HEARING POPULATION

Graphical Abstract

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF METFORMIN MICROSPHERES BY USING PENETRATION ENHANCER 0.5% EDTA

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BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY USING CAJANUS CAJAN FLOWER EXTRACTS AND ITS ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUISOLID COMPACTS OF RISPERIDONE

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A REVIEW ON BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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ANGIOSPERMIC FOSSIL WOOD FROM THE DECCAN INTERTRAPEAN BEDS OF BHUTERA M.P. INDIA

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INVESTIGATION OF GINGER ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AS AN ANTICATARACT AGENT

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL IN SITU GEL CONTAINING REPAGLINDE

Graphical Abstract

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS USED TO PREPARE LIPOSOMES- A REVIEW

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STANDARDIZATION OF BIOSAPONINS, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

Graphical Abstract

THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ROLE OF AN UNANI FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FASAAD-E-TASHAHHUM-FID-DAM (DYSLIPIDEMIA) A REVIEW

FORMULATION AND COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF AYURVEDIC SKIN CREAM

STANDARDIZATION OF BIOSAPONINS, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO