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AUGUST 2018

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8- DIOXO -OCTAHYDROXANTHENES IN AQUASE PHASE USING ? - CYCLODEXTRIN AS AN EFFICIENT AND GREEN CATALYST

Shankar P Hangirgekar*, Vijay V Kumbhar,Navanand B Wadwale
School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M.University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra India.

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PHYTONUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FLAXSEED

Dharshini¹, Dr.S.Sumayaa², Dr.T.Thirunalasundari ³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Head of the Department, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali, Tamil Nadu, India.

³Principal, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College for Women, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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Flax is a nutraceutical with many nutritional benefits. Aside from the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein it contains some primary and secondary metabolites. Flaxseed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Through its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid, flax provides more omega-3 fatty acids than any other grain. (57% of its fatty acids are omega-3s.) As the health revolution continues to evolve, look for it to be added to more and more processed foods to attain the health smart claim. Flaxseed (FS), a whole grain used as a nutritional supplement, has gained popularity because it is a rich source of natural antioxidants. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated to reduce risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stress induced diabetes and cancer. This is probably due to their antioxidant properties. Many phenolic compounds have been detected in Flaxseed. Hence with the objectives to analyze the phytonutrient composition, assess the non-antioxidant enzymes vitamin A, E and C and find the antioxidant activity of processed flaxseed the study was carried out. The flaxseed was subjected to various methods of food processing like roasting, pressure cooking and soaking. The processed flaxseed was further analysed the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidants activity. This study does not show much variation in primary and secondary metabolites between the raw and roasted seeds. The acceptance and palatability was high in the case of roasted soybean and flaxseed because of their nutrients nutty flavour, colour and texture than the unprocessed seeds. Non- antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C content was high in both soaked and roasted flaxseed. Antioxidant activity was high in roasted and soaked flaxseed. Thus the presence of these phytonutrient and antioxidant activity of processed namely roasted and soaked flaxseeds indicates that, it has a potential of being used in formulations prepared for food consumption. Flaxseed could also be a remedy for the major killer diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

RATIONAL APPROACH TOWARDS THE ROLE OF KALAWNJI (NIGELLA SATIVA LINN) IN MARZ - E - AKYAS KHUSYATUR REHM (POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME)-A REVIEW

Md Sheeraz^1*, Arsheed Iqbal¹, Naquibul Islam¹, Abdur Rasheed², Haider Ali Quraishi¹, Shameem Rather¹, Ruqaya Qayoom¹, Md Danish¹
¹Department of Moalajat, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J and K.
²Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Bhadrak, Orissa.

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCO

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCOS.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest Endocrine disorders. It usually presents during adolescence with menstrual irregularities and weight gain, and with or without signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne and hirsutism. It often affects several family members and is aggravated by obesity. The incidence varies between 0.5 - 4 %. It is prevalent in young reproductive age group (20 -30%). Polycystic ovary may be seen in about 20% of normal women. In Unani System of Medicine, the disease has not been mentioned under the term of PCOS but the description of the disease has been described vividly by various Unani physicians under the headings of qillate tams (Oligomenorrhoea), ehtebas tams (amenorrhea), uqr (Infertility). The best known treatment of PCOS at present is by using allopathic medicines such as clomiphene citrate, metformin and tamoxifen. All these have mild to severe side effects including hot flushes, anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, tiredness, vertigo and allergic dermatitis. So there is a need for alternative treatment. In order to provide safe and more effective medicine for PCOS, a meticulous attempt has been made in this review study to explore the utility of this age old drug Kalawnji (Nigella Sativa linn) in the management of PCO

THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ROLE OF AN UNANI FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FASAAD-E-TASHAHHUM-FID-DAM (DYSLIPIDEMIA) A REVIEW

Syed Sabahat Ashraf *, Naquibul Islam, Md Sheeraz, Arsheed Iqbal, Haider Ali Quraishi, Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Md Danish
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J and K.

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CLINICAL STUDY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IRSALE ALAQ (LEECH THERAPY) IN ECZEMA

Arsheed Iqbal^*1, Md Sheeraz¹, Afroza Jan¹, Haider Ali Quraishi¹, Raheem A²
¹Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine-University of Kashmir- Srinagar.J & K.
²CCRUM-Ministry of AYUSH-Govt. of India-New Delhi.

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CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LEECHING IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Arsheed Iqbal^*1, Afroza Jan², Md.Sheeraz¹, Haider Ali Quraishi¹, M.A.Wajid³, Raheem A⁴
¹Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, University of Kashmir, Srinagar , Jammu and Kashmir, India.
²Deoband Unani Medical Collage, Deoband- U.P.- India.
³Ex.Deputy Director- RRIUM-Srinagar- Ministry of AYUSH- Govt. of India - New Delhi.
⁴CCRUM-Ministry of AYUSH- Govt. of India - New Delhi.

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Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.

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Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.Background: Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) is an integral part of regimental therapy used in Unani System of Medicine. It has been successfully practiced by Greeko-Arabic physicians in the management of Joint disorders since antiquity. Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The incidence of arthritis has increased considerably in present scenario. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Leeching Therapy (Irsal-e-Alaq) in the patients of knee Osteoarthritis on scientific parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Regimental Therapy ward RRIUM, Srinagar. 75 patients of OA were enrolled in the trial after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, clinical and radiological examination of the affected joint. Then 2 fresh leeches were applied on the affected areas of the beard till leeches were belly filled and fell down of their own (approximately 45 minutes). Then antiseptic dressing was applied on the site. This leech therapy was done every after 15 days for two months. The efficacy of Leeching therapy was assessed on the basis of Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score. Results: The results were analyzed statistically by using a Paired Students t-test. There was a significant reduction in the WOMAC and VAS scores of post-treatment group (P <0.01) as compared to pre-treatment group. Conclusion: It is concluded in this observational non comparison study that Leeching therapy may be used safely and effectively in the management of Osteoarthritis.

ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHIC PRESCRIBING METHODOLOGY IN THE TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS: A CASE REPORT

Girish Gupta¹, Chaturbhuja Nayak^2*, Reteka Sexena³, Arun Kumar³

¹Gaurang Clinic and Centre for Homoeopathic Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

²Homoeopathy University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

³Dr. MPK Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre (under Homoeopathy University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

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HYPOGLYCAEMIC EFFECT OF GILO (Tinospora cordifolia): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW STUDY

Haider Ali Quraishi^*, Naquibul Islam, Md.Sheeraz, Arsheed Iqbal, Shameem Ahmad Rather, Syed Sbahat, Parvez Dar
Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, (CCRUM)-University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J& K.

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Diabetes Mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid metabolism and significant & significant disturbance of water, electrolytes. According to WHO the worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 422 million in 2014 and is projected to rise up to 750 million by the year 2030.Oral hypoglycaemic agents like sulphonylureas & bigunanides are still the major players in the management of the disease but there is growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Unani Physicians were very much familiar to the symptoms and complication of the disease. Ibne Sina in his book Al Qanoon has described about the symptoms like polydipsia, polyuria and mentioned gangrene among its complication. The Unani herbal medicine have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. Unani System of Medicine deals with several means of treatment like Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) & Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy), that can be aided as an adjuvant therapies. Where as in Classical Unani literature recommendations of diets & exercise along with various compound formulations and single drugs are being used from ancient time such as Safoofe Ziabetus, Qurs Ziabetus Khas, Qurs Tabasheer, Safoofe Hindi, & Kachnar (Bauhina variegata), Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia), Tukhme Methi or Hulbah (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Klaonji (Nigella sativa), Tukhme Hyat (Witania coagulans), Tukhme Karela (Momordica charantia), Gurmar Booti (Gymnemma sylvester), Talhab (Spirulina platensis).The outcome of these medication is proved to have a hypoglycaemic effect and these can be used along with the dietotherapy in present scenario to reduce the risk of complications. This review paper will discuss the potential of hypoglycaemic effect of Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia) in Diabetes Mellitus.

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Diabetes Mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid metabolism and significant & significant disturbance of water, electrolytes. According to WHO the worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 422 million in 2014 and is projected to rise up to 750 million by the year 2030.Oral hypoglycaemic agents like sulphonylureas & bigunanides are still the major players in the management of the disease but there is growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Unani Physicians were very much familiar to the symptoms and complication of the disease. Ibne Sina in his book Al Qanoon has described about the symptoms like polydipsia, polyuria and mentioned gangrene among its complication. The Unani herbal medicine have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. Unani System of Medicine deals with several means of treatment like Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) & Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy), that can be aided as an adjuvant therapies. Where as in Classical Unani literature recommendations of diets & exercise along with various compound formulations and single drugs are being used from ancient time such as Safoofe Ziabetus, Qurs Ziabetus Khas, Qurs Tabasheer, Safoofe Hindi, & Kachnar (Bauhina variegata), Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia), Tukhme Methi or Hulbah (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Klaonji (Nigella sativa), Tukhme Hyat (Witania coagulans), Tukhme Karela (Momordica charantia), Gurmar Booti (Gymnemma sylvester), Talhab (Spirulina platensis).The outcome of these medication is proved to have a hypoglycaemic effect and these can be used along with the dietotherapy in present scenario to reduce the risk of complications. This review paper will discuss the potential of hypoglycaemic effect of Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia) in Diabetes Mellitus.

A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR IN BREAST CANCER.

Vedasamhitha Ramavarapu, C.Subam Mahender, Srichurnam Sreekar

Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

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A OVERVIEW ON AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY: A REVIEW

Anusha, Shyamala, P.Sirisha
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Joginpally B.R. Pharmacy College, Moinabad, Hyderabad. T.S.

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STUDY OF SYMPTOMS, RISK FACTORS AND PRESCRIBING PATTERNS IN STROKE PATIENTS

K. Soumya Lakshmi^*, Dr. Siddarama.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Creative Educational Society’s College of Pharmacy, N.H.7, Chinnatekur, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE NANOEMULSION FOR BRAIN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE

Nagare Sonali .A^*, Dhobale Avinash.V, Najan Anita.A
Loknete Shri Dadapatil Pharate College of Pharmacy, Mandavgan pharata,Shirur,Dist Pune,412211.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DISPERSIBLE PELLETS OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA BY BOX BEHNKHEN DESIGN

S.S. Dudhamal^*1, P. S.Kawtikwar²
¹Research Scholar, S.R.T.M.U, Nanded.
²S. N. Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad, Yavatmal.

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EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST AND VERMIWASH OF BEEDI LEAF WASTE OF EISENIA FOETIDA ON PLANT GROWTH

Jenitha. K*and Viswanathan, S.
Department of Microbiology, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil.
^*Department of Microbiology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi. (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abisekapatti, Tirunelveli,Tamilnadu-629003, India)

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ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF DODONAEAVISCOSA (L.) JACQ

R. Xavier Arulappa*, M. Ginumol1, D. Deepanchakravarthi, M. Balraj
^*S. A. Raja Pharmacy College, Vadakangulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India.
¹JKK Munirajah College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India.

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SOME TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ONE SIDHA FORMULATION KODASURI VEERAVAIPPU

Ganesan A¹, Rengasundari R², Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao³, Raguram Ganesan⁴
¹Government Siddha Medical College, Chennai-106.
²Department of Nanju Noolum Maruthuva Noolum, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai-47.
³Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai- 600073.
⁴Jiamusi Medical University, Jiamusi, China.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY INDICATING RP-UPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND VELPATASVIR IN FINISHED DOSAGE FORM

B Lakshmi, P.Sunil Kumar Chaitanya^*,B.Chandrasekar
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis.,St.Pauls College of Pharmacy, Turkayamjal, Hyderabad.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF SIBR (ALOE BARBADENSIS)

Shahid Suhail¹, Shazia Jilani², Shama Khan³, Misba Naim⁴

¹Department of Moalajat, Deoband Unani Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Saharanpur.
²Department of Moalajat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard.

³Department of Ilmul Atfal, Glocal Unani Medical college and Research Centre, Saharanpur.

⁴Department of Ilmul Qabalat-wa-Amraze Niswan, Deoband Unani Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Saharanpur.

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PASS: A COMPUTERIZED PREDICTION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY SPECTRA FOR CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

S.A Azeez Basha, Mohammad Yunoos, Juvaria Ahmed*
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Deccan School of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana.

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ALCOHOL REHABILITATION: RIGHT TREATMENT AND NEW BEGINNING

Dr. T. Pranay Kumar^*1, Dr. G. V. Nagaraju, Dr. P. Kesava Swamy², Dr. K. Udaya Bhanu², Dr. M. D. Abdul Salam³
^*1Clinical Pharmacist, Help Hospital. Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh, India.
²Dept.of General Medicine Neel Jeer Hospitals, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.
³Dept of Psychiatry KIMS Super Speciality Hospital, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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TO ESTIMATE THE INCIDENCE AND TO IDENTIFY THE PREDICTORS OF POTENTIAL DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO CRITICAL CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT JSS, MYSURU

Dr. Juneeta Anna Benny^*, Dr. V. Hemanth, Dr. Stanly P. Abraham, Dr. Chinmay Meher, Dr. M. Ramesh
Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Ernakulam, Kerala – 686661.

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EVALUTION OF CLINICAL SPECTRUM AND FREQUENCY OF PHOTODERMATOSES IN A SKIN SPECIALITY HOSPITAL

Dr. G. V. Nagaraju^*1, Dr. P. V. S. Haranath², Dr. Md. K. Rahaman², Dr. N. Tendu Pranadeep², Dr. G. V. Pavan Kumar³, N. Siva Parvathi³
^*1Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Kakinada, A.P, India.
²Dept.of Dermatology, Bhavya Skin Speciality hospital, Rajamundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.
³Clinical Pharmacist, Help Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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In an attempt to study the frequency and clinical spectrum of photodermatoses in varied populations of rural and urban areas at a tertiary referral centre in BHAVYA Skin speciality hospital located in Rajamahendravaram town of Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted from January 2016 - June 2016. We aim to find out the occurrence of photodermatoses by population based study, a total of 120 random participants; both male and female were included in the study with selection criteria. Patients of all age groups, Patients who were diagnosed with positive photo dermatoses, Patients who were willing to participate in the study, the type of photo dermatoses involved and most commonest one identified by Prospective, cross- sectional observation study in the Out-patient department of dermatology and venerology. The Research study begins with standard questionnaire for collecting patients demographic details, diagnosis of the presenting disease condition assesses the duration of exposure. The case study was reported for a period of six months and the data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed in Microsoft excel 2013 .The people with age group of 68years were prone to photodermatoses at the rate of 57% of total cases and ages of 52(43%) of cases. In our study we found that dark skinned individuals are most affected with photodermatoses than fair- skinned individuals. The gender analysis in study reported that females are more affected than males with 58% and 42% respectively. In conclusion we represent that incidence of disease was more in the mid summer i.e. in the month of may, housewives were more affected with photodermatoses than others and mainly affected sites are face and neck (42%) followed by upper limbs (26%).Papule (50%) was the most common rash observed in many of patients followed by Macule (17%) and plaque (15%) the majority of the lesions were erythematous. Polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) was the commonest photodermatoses noticed in many of the individuals followed by actinic purigo and chronic actinic dermatitis.

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In an attempt to study the frequency and clinical spectrum of photodermatoses in varied populations of rural and urban areas at a tertiary referral centre in BHAVYA Skin speciality hospital located in Rajamahendravaram town of Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted from January 2016 - June 2016. We aim to find out the occurrence of photodermatoses by population based study, a total of 120 random participants; both male and female were included in the study with selection criteria. Patients of all age groups, Patients who were diagnosed with positive photo dermatoses, Patients who were willing to participate in the study, the type of photo dermatoses involved and most commonest one identified by Prospective, cross- sectional observation study in the Out-patient department of dermatology and venerology. The Research study begins with standard questionnaire for collecting patients demographic details, diagnosis of the presenting disease condition assesses the duration of exposure. The case study was reported for a period of six months and the data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed in Microsoft excel 2013 .The people with age group of 68years were prone to photodermatoses at the rate of 57% of total cases and ages of 52(43%) of cases. In our study we found that dark skinned individuals are most affected with photodermatoses than fair- skinned individuals. The gender analysis in study reported that females are more affected than males with 58% and 42% respectively. In conclusion we represent that incidence of disease was more in the mid summer i.e. in the month of may, housewives were more affected with photodermatoses than others and mainly affected sites are face and neck (42%) followed by upper limbs (26%).Papule (50%) was the most common rash observed in many of patients followed by Macule (17%) and plaque (15%) the majority of the lesions were erythematous. Polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) was the commonest photodermatoses noticed in many of the individuals followed by actinic purigo and chronic actinic dermatitis.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 2-SUBSTITUTED-4,5-DIMETHYL IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES

J. Prathyusha^*, N. S. Yamani, K. Prathyusha, Sneha, Chaitanya, Vinod, Amul
Bharat School of Pharmacy, Affiliated to JNTUH.

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FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY FOR ESTIMATION OF RELATED SUBSTANCES AND DEGRADANTS IN ALLOPURINOL TABLET AND ITS METHOD VALIDATION USING RP-HPLC

Manjri Kharia, Keerti Vishwakarma, P.K. Singour^*
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Neelbud, Bhopal-462044 (M.P.), India.

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EVALUATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS OF THREE DIFFERENT MARKETED BRANDS OF AROGYAVARDHINI VATI: A HERBO-MINERAL FORMULATION

Princy Agarwal^*, Rajat Vaishnav, Anju Goyal
Department of Quality Assurance, Bhupal Nobles Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sevashram Road, Udaipur-313002, Rajasthan, India.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF OILENTRAPPED FLOATING ALGINATE BEADS OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE

Hema Naga Durga Divvela^*1, Lohithasu Duppala², Srikavya Nelapudi¹
¹Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhogapuram (M), Vizianagaram (Dist)-531162, Andhra Pradesh.
²A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, Andhra Pradesh.

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ASSESMENT OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PAITIENTS HAVING CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) ATTENDING DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN QUETTA PAKISTAN

Asadullah¹, Sumaira Kanwal², Jalal ud din³, Muhammad Samsoor Zarak^4*, Hamaiyal sana⁴, Khushhal Khan⁵, Jaffar khan⁴, Muhammad Yasir Baloch⁴, Noman ul haq², Sohail Riaz², Aqeel Nasim⁵
¹Helmand Bost Hospital,
²University of Balochistan,
³Cardiology Department Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta,
⁴Bolan Medical College Quetta,
⁵Balochistan Institute of Nephro and Urology, Quetta.

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A DETAILED REVIEW ON FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILMS

T. Usha Kiran Reddy, K. Sunil Kumar Reddy*, Katta. Manogna, Prof. K. Thyagaraju
S V U College of Pharmaceutical Scieincs, S V Univeristy, Tirupati.

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