Welcome to Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

MAY 2021

FT-IR Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin calcium and Clopidogrel bisulphatein Combined Dosage Form

Anitha K^*¹, N. T. Rangari², T.M. Kalyankar³ and R.V. Birajdar³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²KJs Educational Institute, Trinity College of Pharmacy, Yewalewadi, Pune-411048 Maharashtra, India.

³Department of Quality Assurance, School of Pharmacy, S. R. T. M. University, Vishnupuri, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION BY RP-HPLC

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², V. B. Ingale² and Ashok P Gingine³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A VALIDATED RP- HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ARTESUNATE, SULFADOXINE AND PYRIMETHAMINE IN BULK AND TABLETS FORMULATION

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², Khan Jawad S. A.² and Ashok P Gingine³
¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.
³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF VALSARTAN USING SPRAY DRIED DILUENTS

MahaleNitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF OLMESARTAN

Mahale Nitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FOSTEMSAVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD

C. Asha Deepti^*, Rashnita Sharma

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be) University,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India.

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NOVEL VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW.

Ganesh Sai Myneni^*, G. V. Radha, G.V. R. L. Soujanya

GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India – 530045.

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FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SEMI HERBAL ANTI ACNE COMPACT FACE POWDER BY ALLIUM SATIVUM AND MYRISTICA FRAGRANS EXTRACT

Pradnya Shinde^*, Rohit Sapate, Seema Shinde, Akshaykumar Kadam, Ranjit Jadhav, Hanmant Mali, Nikita Gidde

Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra, India.

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EFFECT OF SPIRULINA ON THE ANOMALIES CAUSED BY MALATHION IN FRESHWATER PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM LAMARREI LAMARREI

Nahila Sujad^*1, Susan Manohar²
¹Department of Zoology and Applied Aquaculture, Barkatullah University Bhopal.
²Department of Zoology Govt M.G.M. College Itarsi (MP).

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ELUCIDATION OF BIO-TARGETS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF VITAMIN C AGAINST LUNG CANCER USING NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY ANALYSIS

Ramya Bandarupalli^*, Chandana Madala, Lahari Paladugu, Bhavana Kasaraneni
Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India.

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Objective: With the highest cancer related mortality and morbidity, lung cancer has become a predominant problem world-wide. The antitumor property of vitamin C (VC) has already been demonstrated. However, the precise mechanism and the targets of VC against lung cancer are yet to be discovered. This study is conducted to identify potential targets and underlying mechanisms of VC against lung cancer by bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methodology: Targets of VC and lung cancer were obtained from various data bases. From the 142 pharmacological targets of VC, 136 overlapping targets with lung cancer were mapped. The 10 potential core targets of VC were identified from mapped proteins. These 10 core targets are subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The top 20 biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways were presented. Results: EGFR, ADRA2C, CHRM2, CCR5, MAPK1, BDKRB2, DRD2, AGTR2, ADRA2A and ADRA2B were found to be the key targets involved. Molecular docking studies revealed that VC has highest binding affinity to B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2). The mechanism of VC in lung cancer may be associated with regulation of catecholamine release by inhibiting BDKRB2 receptor. Conclusion: VC can suppress tumour development and progression in lung cancer. Further pre-clinical studies are required for VC before it is used as a therapeutic agent in lung cancer.Objective: With the highest cancer related mortality and morbidity, lung cancer has become a predominant problem world-wide. The antitumor property of vitamin C (VC) has already been demonstrated. However, the precise mechanism and the targets of VC against lung cancer are yet to be discovered. This study is conducted to identify potential targets and underlying mechanisms of VC against lung cancer by bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methodology: Targets of VC and lung cancer were obtained from various data bases. From the 142 pharmacological targets of VC, 136 overlapping targets with lung cancer were mapped. The 10 potential core targets of VC were identified from mapped proteins. These 10 core targets are subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The top 20 biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways were presented. Results: EGFR, ADRA2C, CHRM2, CCR5, MAPK1, BDKRB2, DRD2, AGTR2, ADRA2A and ADRA2B were found to be the key targets involved. Molecular docking studies revealed that VC has highest binding affinity to B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2). The mechanism of VC in lung cancer may be associated with regulation of catecholamine release by inhibiting BDKRB2 receptor. Conclusion: VC can suppress tumour development and progression in lung cancer. Further pre-clinical studies are required for VC before it is used as a therapeutic agent in lung cancer.

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Objective: With the highest cancer related mortality and morbidity, lung cancer has become a predominant problem world-wide. The antitumor property of vitamin C (VC) has already been demonstrated. However, the precise mechanism and the targets of VC against lung cancer are yet to be discovered. This study is conducted to identify potential targets and underlying mechanisms of VC against lung cancer by bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methodology: Targets of VC and lung cancer were obtained from various data bases. From the 142 pharmacological targets of VC, 136 overlapping targets with lung cancer were mapped. The 10 potential core targets of VC were identified from mapped proteins. These 10 core targets are subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The top 20 biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways were presented. Results: EGFR, ADRA2C, CHRM2, CCR5, MAPK1, BDKRB2, DRD2, AGTR2, ADRA2A and ADRA2B were found to be the key targets involved. Molecular docking studies revealed that VC has highest binding affinity to B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2). The mechanism of VC in lung cancer may be associated with regulation of catecholamine release by inhibiting BDKRB2 receptor. Conclusion: VC can suppress tumour development and progression in lung cancer. Further pre-clinical studies are required for VC before it is used as a therapeutic agent in lung cancer.Objective: With the highest cancer related mortality and morbidity, lung cancer has become a predominant problem world-wide. The antitumor property of vitamin C (VC) has already been demonstrated. However, the precise mechanism and the targets of VC against lung cancer are yet to be discovered. This study is conducted to identify potential targets and underlying mechanisms of VC against lung cancer by bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methodology: Targets of VC and lung cancer were obtained from various data bases. From the 142 pharmacological targets of VC, 136 overlapping targets with lung cancer were mapped. The 10 potential core targets of VC were identified from mapped proteins. These 10 core targets are subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The top 20 biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways were presented. Results: EGFR, ADRA2C, CHRM2, CCR5, MAPK1, BDKRB2, DRD2, AGTR2, ADRA2A and ADRA2B were found to be the key targets involved. Molecular docking studies revealed that VC has highest binding affinity to B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2). The mechanism of VC in lung cancer may be associated with regulation of catecholamine release by inhibiting BDKRB2 receptor. Conclusion: VC can suppress tumour development and progression in lung cancer. Further pre-clinical studies are required for VC before it is used as a therapeutic agent in lung cancer.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLEANSING CREAM USING WALNUT SHELL POWDER

Dr.S.A .Sreenivas, Gariganti Swathi, Krishna veni, Roja.
Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sheriguda (V), Ibrahimpatnam (M), R.RDist, Hyderabad, Telangana-501510.

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The Juglans regia, Persian walnut, English walnut, especially in Great Britain, common Walnut, or especially in the US, California walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species Native to the region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the Himalayas and southwest China. The largest forests are in Kyrgyzstan, where trees occur in extensive. The walnut tree has a long history of medicinal use, being used in folk medicine to treat a Wide range of complaints. The leaves are alterative, anti-helmintic, anti-inflammatory, Astringent and depurative. They are used internally for the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, Diarrhoea, dyspepsia etc. The leaves are also used to treat skin ailments and purify the blood. AIM: The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate cleansing cream by using Walnut shell powder prepared by using bees wax-borax type/emulsified type method. METHOD: In our present study we formulated 3 different formulations F1, F2, F3 by incorporating different concentrations of liquid paraffin and Bees wax and evaluated by using various parameter such as physical appearance , viscosity, pH, phase separation, moisture absorption studies, test for microbial growth, Spread ability, Stability studies, Irritability, wash ability, and got fruitful results with all the tests. RESULTS: Among the three formulations (F1, F2, and F3), the formulation F2 was having characteristic Odour, light brown in color, non-irritant to the skin and quite elegant. Also the formulations F1 and F3showed no redness or edema or erythema and irritation during irritancy studies. CONCLUSION: The stable formulations were safe and skin irritations and allergic sensitizations were scarce. All the formulations passed the microbial limit test which included some parameters like total bacterial count and fungal count, pathogens like E.Coli, Bacillus were also absent.

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A CASE REPORT ON MELIOIDOSIS WITH LEFT PLUERAL EFFUSION, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Malavika T R ^1*, Unnimaya K L¹, Ajmal K K¹, Bitson Augustine²
¹Department of Pharmacy Practice, Cherraan’s College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.

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MICROSPONGES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND ITS RECENT INNOVATIONS

A. Rama Krishna^*, S. Janaki Devi, B. Joshna
GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, 530045.

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ORAL FILMS: RECENT APPROACHES

B. Joshna^*, S. Janaki Devi , A. Rama Krishna
Gitam Institute Of Pharmacy, Gitam (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045.

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A SMALL REVIEW ON THEPROPERTIES OF NANOEMULSIONS

Mangalimahender, G. Lakshmi Devi^*, Koruboyina Shiva, Nuralommondal, Jvcsharma
Joginpally B.R pharmacy, Yenkapally, Moinabad, Rangareddy. Hyderabad-75, Telangana, India.

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Drug delivery systems are designed in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy of the drugs while reducing their toxicity. The modern drug dosage forms have been the result of a long scientific research in the field. Using sophisticated technologies and exploring novel excipients with outstanding physicochemical characteristics have led to the development of modern novel drug delivery systems from simple pills and mixtures. Emulsions are biphasic systems having one phase dispersed in the other phase in the form of droplets ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 100 ?m. Thermodynamically, they are unstable in nature, but can be made stable with the applications of emulsifiers or emulgents. , the surfactants used as emulsifiers are termed as interphaseor intermediate The Nanoemulsion term is used for thermodynamically stable isotropically clear dispersion of two immiscible liquids like water and oil stabilized through the surfactant molecules interfacial film. They are novel drug delivery systems in which oil is emulsified in an aqueous system in the form of droplets with a mean diameter 100-500 nm. Nanoemulsions have found wide spread applications as drug delivery vehicles due to some of their distinguished characteristics. There is a growing interest for using of Nano/sub-micron particles in the technology of pharmaceutical, cosmetic and also food industries. Nanoemulsions are also preferred due to their administration through multiple routes. They are used for efficient drug delivery through skin because of the large surface area they provide for the drug penetration. Moreover, they have been nontoxic and nonirritant to the mucous membrane and skin tissues. Their fluidity and avoidance of thickeners in theirformulations make them transparentwithaestheticphysicalappearance. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented to give basic ideas about properties of Nano emulsions, their preparation methods, and evaluations.

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Drug delivery systems are designed in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy of the drugs while reducing their toxicity. The modern drug dosage forms have been the result of a long scientific research in the field. Using sophisticated technologies and exploring novel excipients with outstanding physicochemical characteristics have led to the development of modern novel drug delivery systems from simple pills and mixtures. Emulsions are biphasic systems having one phase dispersed in the other phase in the form of droplets ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 100 ?m. Thermodynamically, they are unstable in nature, but can be made stable with the applications of emulsifiers or emulgents. , the surfactants used as emulsifiers are termed as interphaseor intermediate The Nanoemulsion term is used for thermodynamically stable isotropically clear dispersion of two immiscible liquids like water and oil stabilized through the surfactant molecules interfacial film. They are novel drug delivery systems in which oil is emulsified in an aqueous system in the form of droplets with a mean diameter 100-500 nm. Nanoemulsions have found wide spread applications as drug delivery vehicles due to some of their distinguished characteristics. There is a growing interest for using of Nano/sub-micron particles in the technology of pharmaceutical, cosmetic and also food industries. Nanoemulsions are also preferred due to their administration through multiple routes. They are used for efficient drug delivery through skin because of the large surface area they provide for the drug penetration. Moreover, they have been nontoxic and nonirritant to the mucous membrane and skin tissues. Their fluidity and avoidance of thickeners in theirformulations make them transparentwithaestheticphysicalappearance. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented to give basic ideas about properties of Nano emulsions, their preparation methods, and evaluations.

EVALUATION OF SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS AND DOXORUBICIN IN DMBA INDUCED BREAST CANCER IN RATS

Roohith, Minaz N, Ramesh B, Manjula G S
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Opposite Lalbagh Main gate, Hosur main road, Bengaluru 27, Karnataka, India.

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INVITRODRUG RELEASE STUDIES AND EVALUATION FOR CO-CRYSTALS OF ATAZANAVIR

Syeda Asra Banu^*1, Dr. Damineni Saritha¹, Dr. Anupama Koneru²
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Sultan-Ul-Uloom College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
²Sultan-Ul-Uloom College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

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APPLICATION OF CO-CRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICALS

Ashwini Gawade, Ashwin Kuchekar, Prajakta Wagh
School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad, MIT, WPU, Pune 411038.

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PHCOG REV.: PLANT REVIEW PHYTO-PHARMACOLOGY OF BARLERIA PRIONITIS LINN. - A REVIEW

Priyanka Namdeo*
Department of Pharmacology, Mittal Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal 400038 M.P. INDIA.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BIOANALYTICAL UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL AND DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATION

A. L. Ware^1,2*, S.S. Pekamwar³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
²Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon.
³Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Nanded.

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PAVETTA INDICA: BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF ITS AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS.

Thara K.M*
Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India.

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RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN CAPSULE DOSAGE FORM

Sony, T. Hemant Kumar*, S. Y. Manjunath
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet-502 277 (TS), India.

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ANTIEPILEPTICS IN PREGNANCY: A REVIEW

Dr Akhila S Arjun*, Judy Thomas, Lini Raju
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere.

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INSILICO DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION STUDIES OF NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN FROM HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPHIC VIRUS

Ummehani A. Kallawala, Sharav A. Desai*, Dhananjay B. Meshram
Department of In-Silico Drug Discovery & Design, Pioneer Pharmacy Degree College, Vadodara-390019, Gujarat, India.

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A REVIEW ON IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICES IN ONCOLOGY CARE CENTRE

Muchukota Sushma, Dr.E.Bhavya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, VISTAS, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BIOANALYTICAL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL AND DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATION

Ware Agasti L.^1,2*, Pekamwar S.S.³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
²Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon.
³Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Nanded.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BIOANALYTICAL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VALSARTAN AND DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VALSARTAN IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATION

Ware Agasti L.^1,2*, Pekamwar S.S.³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
²Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon.
³Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Nanded.

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A STUDY OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION AMONG INPATIENT IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL.

Dr. Geetha Jayprakash, Dr. Jagrit Koirala*, Dr. Dipendra Thapa, Dr. Parthasaradhi Reddy, Dr. Peter Kandel, Dr. Shyam Nandan Yadav
RGUHS, India.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify Drug-Drug Interaction among the inpatient admitted in ICU and the Medical Ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. METHOD: This study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 6 months from July 2016 to January 2017 among inpatients of ICU and Medical Ward. The prescriptions having 2 or more drug and where DDIs was suspected were selected. The drugs in the prescription were analyzed through drug interaction checker software. The DDIs were classified based on the severity of Interactions, mechanism of interaction, the relation of disease and drug interaction, and the total number of drug prescribed were determined. RESULT: There was a total of 225 patients in our study. Out of 225(100%) total patients who had drug-drug interactions, There were a total of 72(32%) patients in ICU and a total of 153(68%) patient in the Medical Ward. An average of 7.625 drugs per prescription was prescribed in ICU and an average of 5.70 drugs per prescription were prescribed in Medical Ward. There were 1333 drug-drug interaction. Among them, 523 DDIs were in ICU and 810 DDIs were in the Medical Ward. A severity assessment showed that in both ICU and Medical ward, majority of interaction were moderate followed by minor interaction. In ICU (57.93%) and in the Medical Ward (62.96%) were moderate drug interaction respectively. On assessing the mechanism of DDIs, pharmacodynamic interaction in ICU were (34.99%) which was higher than pharmacokinetic interaction which was (33.46%) followed by unknown mechanism (31.54%). Whereas in Medical ward most of the interaction was pharmacokinetic Interaction (45.55%) followed by an unknown mechanism (30.74%) and pharmacodynamic interaction (23.70%). Finding of this study showed that cardiovascular disease had (24.28%) and respiratory disease had (18.54%) DDIs in ICU. Similarly, in the Medical Ward cardiovascular disease had (36.79%) and respiratory disease had (23.33%) DDIs. This study result showed that as the number of drug increases in a prescription, the number of DDIs also increases. The management required for DDIs in the study was Dosage adjustment which was 16% followed by monitoring drug level which was 15%. CONCLUSION: A significant number of drug interactions were seen in the prescription of the inpatient of ICU and Medical ward. The most prevailing interaction was Moderate interaction which was the highest number followed by minor interaction. Polypharmacy was the major factor responsible for DDIs. This study highlights the need for intense monitoring of patients to help detect and prevent them from serious health hazards associated with DDIs.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify Drug-Drug Interaction among the inpatient admitted in ICU and the Medical Ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. METHOD: This study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 6 months from July 2016 to January 2017 among inpatients of ICU and Medical Ward. The prescriptions having 2 or more drug and where DDIs was suspected were selected. The drugs in the prescription were analyzed through drug interaction checker software. The DDIs were classified based on the severity of Interactions, mechanism of interaction, the relation of disease and drug interaction, and the total number of drug prescribed were determined. RESULT: There was a total of 225 patients in our study. Out of 225(100%) total patients who had drug-drug interactions, There were a total of 72(32%) patients in ICU and a total of 153(68%) patient in the Medical Ward. An average of 7.625 drugs per prescription was prescribed in ICU and an average of 5.70 drugs per prescription were prescribed in Medical Ward. There were 1333 drug-drug interaction. Among them, 523 DDIs were in ICU and 810 DDIs were in the Medical Ward. A severity assessment showed that in both ICU and Medical ward, majority of interaction were moderate followed by minor interaction. In ICU (57.93%) and in the Medical Ward (62.96%) were moderate drug interaction respectively. On assessing the mechanism of DDIs, pharmacodynamic interaction in ICU were (34.99%) which was higher than pharmacokinetic interaction which was (33.46%) followed by unknown mechanism (31.54%). Whereas in Medical ward most of the interaction was pharmacokinetic Interaction (45.55%) followed by an unknown mechanism (30.74%) and pharmacodynamic interaction (23.70%). Finding of this study showed that cardiovascular disease had (24.28%) and respiratory disease had (18.54%) DDIs in ICU. Similarly, in the Medical Ward cardiovascular disease had (36.79%) and respiratory disease had (23.33%) DDIs. This study result showed that as the number of drug increases in a prescription, the number of DDIs also increases. The management required for DDIs in the study was Dosage adjustment which was 16% followed by monitoring drug level which was 15%. CONCLUSION: A significant number of drug interactions were seen in the prescription of the inpatient of ICU and Medical ward. The most prevailing interaction was Moderate interaction which was the highest number followed by minor interaction. Polypharmacy was the major factor responsible for DDIs. This study highlights the need for intense monitoring of patients to help detect and prevent them from serious health hazards associated with DDIs.