Welcome to Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

MAY 2020

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION BY RP-HPLC

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², V. B. Ingale² and Ashok P Gingine³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A VALIDATED RP- HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ARTESUNATE, SULFADOXINE AND PYRIMETHAMINE IN BULK AND TABLETS FORMULATION

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², Khan Jawad S. A.² and Ashok P Gingine³
¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.
³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF VALSARTAN USING SPRAY DRIED DILUENTS

MahaleNitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF OLMESARTAN

Mahale Nitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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STUDY TO COMBAT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WITH STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM

Faaria Siddiqui^*1, M. Crystal Nissy¹, Ruba Sana¹, Dr. Anupama Koneru¹, Ms. Khwaja Amtul Raouf Qazi¹, Dr. Uma Sreedevi²
¹Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sultan-Ul-Uloom College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
²Aster Prime Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

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Background: The global antimicrobial resistance burden is growing and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both clinical and community settings. The spread of antibiotic resistance to different environmental niches and the emergence of superbugs complicate the control strategies even further. International, national, and local approaches to antimicrobial resistance management and prevention have been suggested. To combat antimicrobial resistance, a multidisciplinary, collaborative, regulatory approach is needed. Aim: The aim of this study is to highlight the use of antimicrobial stewardship which helps us achieve optimal outcome of the infection with minimizing toxicity, reducing costs and limiting microbial resistance throughout the rational use of antibiotics. Stewardship strategies are discussed, and a strategy is developed for implementing a stewardship program. Objectives:To assess the Prescription pattern in infectious diseases. To monitor the clinical outcomes in patients treated with different antimicrobial therapies in infectious diseases. To analyse the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of common microorganisms. Evaluation of the rational and irrational use of drugs. De-escalation of antimicrobial therapy (stewardship program) Methods: This is a prospective observational study that was conducted to assess antibiotic therapy and its clinical outcomes in infectious diseases over a period of six months using designed data collection form as a tool. Results: Of the 150 patients analysed over a period of six months, it was observed that, for the antibiotics prescribed by the hospital physicians, only 43% of antibiotics were observed to be rational while 57% were irrational. Conclusion: Our results show that the choices of antibiotics only occasionally comply with the ICMR and NCDC guidelines for the management of infectious patients. We therefore concluded that irrationality in prescribing was more prominent and therefore implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Program is essential.

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Background: The global antimicrobial resistance burden is growing and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both clinical and community settings. The spread of antibiotic resistance to different environmental niches and the emergence of superbugs complicate the control strategies even further. International, national, and local approaches to antimicrobial resistance management and prevention have been suggested. To combat antimicrobial resistance, a multidisciplinary, collaborative, regulatory approach is needed. Aim: The aim of this study is to highlight the use of antimicrobial stewardship which helps us achieve optimal outcome of the infection with minimizing toxicity, reducing costs and limiting microbial resistance throughout the rational use of antibiotics. Stewardship strategies are discussed, and a strategy is developed for implementing a stewardship program. Objectives:To assess the Prescription pattern in infectious diseases. To monitor the clinical outcomes in patients treated with different antimicrobial therapies in infectious diseases. To analyse the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of common microorganisms. Evaluation of the rational and irrational use of drugs. De-escalation of antimicrobial therapy (stewardship program) Methods: This is a prospective observational study that was conducted to assess antibiotic therapy and its clinical outcomes in infectious diseases over a period of six months using designed data collection form as a tool. Results: Of the 150 patients analysed over a period of six months, it was observed that, for the antibiotics prescribed by the hospital physicians, only 43% of antibiotics were observed to be rational while 57% were irrational. Conclusion: Our results show that the choices of antibiotics only occasionally comply with the ICMR and NCDC guidelines for the management of infectious patients. We therefore concluded that irrationality in prescribing was more prominent and therefore implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Program is essential.

REVIEW ON: PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS & REGULATORY REQUIREMENT FOR DRUGS APPROVAL IN INDIA, US & EUROPE MARKET

Suthar Narayan*, Agarwal Gourav
Ocean College/Ocean Edu Academy, Anadara Choraha (Circle), Rampura Road, Sirohi (307001).

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY ON ALZHEIMERS DISEASE : AN OVERVIEW OF PATHOGENESIS AND DIFFERENT TREATMENT APPROACHES

AHMED M^*, SANA. SS, HAFIZA BS, SABA MK

Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Shadan College of Pharmacy.

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DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A TEACHING AND GENERAL HOSPITAL

Mohamed Ahmed, Sheema Baqtiyar, Ruqiya Khanum, Kulsum Fatima, Anees Fatima

Dept.of Pharmacy Practice, Shadan College of Pharmacy, Peerancheru, Hyderabad.

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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal increase in levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all or is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. METHOD: A six-month prospective observational study was carried out at Shadan teaching and general hospital, Peerancheru (Hyderabad). The data was collected from the case sheets of in patients and OPD cards of outpatients and critically analyzed using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients, 110(44%) patients were males and 140(56%) patients were females. It is observed that diabetes mellitus II is more common in patients of age groups (51-60) years. Pharmacotherapy revealed that 210 (81.6%) patients were treated with monotherapy followed by 34 (14%) patients with 2 drug therapy and 6 (4.4%) patients were prescribed with 3 drug therapy. Metformin was the drug of choice in monotherapy while metformin along with glimepiride was the preferred drug combination used in both 2 drug and 3 drug therapies. The overall drug usages in this study revealed that a total number of 301 drugs were prescribed. Out of which, metformin was most prescribed [128 (42.52%)]. CONCLUSION: Periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to be done to provide suitable medications profile in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce the adverse effects. The study of prescribing patterns require regular monitoring and evaluation and if necessary, suggestion of modification in prescribing pattern of medical practitioners to make medical care rational and cost effective. The current anti diabetic drugs includes insulin preparation and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), the preference is given mostly to metformin which is first choice of drug but the other drugs such as human insulin is also prescribed for many patients, also some combinations of (OHA) drugs are also preferred.BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal increase in levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all or is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. METHOD: A six-month prospective observational study was carried out at Shadan teaching and general hospital, Peerancheru (Hyderabad). The data was collected from the case sheets of in patients and OPD cards of outpatients and critically analyzed using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients, 110(44%) patients were males and 140(56%) patients were females. It is observed that diabetes mellitus II is more common in patients of age groups (51-60) years. Pharmacotherapy revealed that 210 (81.6%) patients were treated with monotherapy followed by 34 (14%) patients with 2 drug therapy and 6 (4.4%) patients were prescribed with 3 drug therapy. Metformin was the drug of choice in monotherapy while metformin along with glimepiride was the preferred drug combination used in both 2 drug and 3 drug therapies. The overall drug usages in this study revealed that a total number of 301 drugs were prescribed. Out of which, metformin was most prescribed [128 (42.52%)]. CONCLUSION: Periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to be done to provide suitable medications profile in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce the adverse effects. The study of prescribing patterns require regular monitoring and evaluation and if necessary, suggestion of modification in prescribing pattern of medical practitioners to make medical care rational and cost effective. The current anti diabetic drugs includes insulin preparation and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), the preference is given mostly to metformin which is first choice of drug but the other drugs such as human insulin is also prescribed for many patients, also some combinations of (OHA) drugs are also preferred.BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal increase in levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all or is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. METHOD: A six-month prospective observational study was carried out at Shadan teaching and general hospital, Peerancheru (Hyderabad). The data was collected from the case sheets of in patients and OPD cards of outpatients and critically analyzed using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients, 110(44%) patients were males and 140(56%) patients were females. It is observed that diabetes mellitus II is more common in patients of age groups (51-60) years. Pharmacotherapy revealed that 210 (81.6%) patients were treated with monotherapy followed by 34 (14%) patients with 2 drug therapy and 6 (4.4%) patients were prescribed with 3 drug therapy. Metformin was the drug of choice in monotherapy while metformin along with glimepiride was the preferred drug combination used in both 2 drug and 3 drug therapies. The overall drug usages in this study revealed that a total number of 301 drugs were prescribed. Out of which, metformin was most prescribed [128 (42.52%)]. CONCLUSION: Periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to be done to provide suitable medications profile in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce the adverse effects. The study of prescribing patterns require regular monitoring and evaluation and if necessary, suggestion of modification in prescribing pattern of medical practitioners to make medical care rational and cost effective. The current anti diabetic drugs includes insulin preparation and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), the preference is given mostly to metformin which is first choice of drug but the other drugs such as human insulin is also prescribed for many patients, also some combinations of (OHA) drugs are also preferred.

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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal increase in levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all or is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. METHOD: A six-month prospective observational study was carried out at Shadan teaching and general hospital, Peerancheru (Hyderabad). The data was collected from the case sheets of in patients and OPD cards of outpatients and critically analyzed using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients, 110(44%) patients were males and 140(56%) patients were females. It is observed that diabetes mellitus II is more common in patients of age groups (51-60) years. Pharmacotherapy revealed that 210 (81.6%) patients were treated with monotherapy followed by 34 (14%) patients with 2 drug therapy and 6 (4.4%) patients were prescribed with 3 drug therapy. Metformin was the drug of choice in monotherapy while metformin along with glimepiride was the preferred drug combination used in both 2 drug and 3 drug therapies. The overall drug usages in this study revealed that a total number of 301 drugs were prescribed. Out of which, metformin was most prescribed [128 (42.52%)]. CONCLUSION: Periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to be done to provide suitable medications profile in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce the adverse effects. The study of prescribing patterns require regular monitoring and evaluation and if necessary, suggestion of modification in prescribing pattern of medical practitioners to make medical care rational and cost effective. The current anti diabetic drugs includes insulin preparation and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), the preference is given mostly to metformin which is first choice of drug but the other drugs such as human insulin is also prescribed for many patients, also some combinations of (OHA) drugs are also preferred.BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal increase in levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all or is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. METHOD: A six-month prospective observational study was carried out at Shadan teaching and general hospital, Peerancheru (Hyderabad). The data was collected from the case sheets of in patients and OPD cards of outpatients and critically analyzed using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients, 110(44%) patients were males and 140(56%) patients were females. It is observed that diabetes mellitus II is more common in patients of age groups (51-60) years. Pharmacotherapy revealed that 210 (81.6%) patients were treated with monotherapy followed by 34 (14%) patients with 2 drug therapy and 6 (4.4%) patients were prescribed with 3 drug therapy. Metformin was the drug of choice in monotherapy while metformin along with glimepiride was the preferred drug combination used in both 2 drug and 3 drug therapies. The overall drug usages in this study revealed that a total number of 301 drugs were prescribed. Out of which, metformin was most prescribed [128 (42.52%)]. CONCLUSION: Periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to be done to provide suitable medications profile in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce the adverse effects. The study of prescribing patterns require regular monitoring and evaluation and if necessary, suggestion of modification in prescribing pattern of medical practitioners to make medical care rational and cost effective. The current anti diabetic drugs includes insulin preparation and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), the preference is given mostly to metformin which is first choice of drug but the other drugs such as human insulin is also prescribed for many patients, also some combinations of (OHA) drugs are also preferred.BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal increase in levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. In people with diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high. This may be because insulin is not being produced at all or is not made at sufficient levels, or is not as effective as it should be. The most common forms of diabetes are type 1diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy, and other forms of diabetes are very rare and are caused by a single gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. METHOD: A six-month prospective observational study was carried out at Shadan teaching and general hospital, Peerancheru (Hyderabad). The data was collected from the case sheets of in patients and OPD cards of outpatients and critically analyzed using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Out of 250 patients, 110(44%) patients were males and 140(56%) patients were females. It is observed that diabetes mellitus II is more common in patients of age groups (51-60) years. Pharmacotherapy revealed that 210 (81.6%) patients were treated with monotherapy followed by 34 (14%) patients with 2 drug therapy and 6 (4.4%) patients were prescribed with 3 drug therapy. Metformin was the drug of choice in monotherapy while metformin along with glimepiride was the preferred drug combination used in both 2 drug and 3 drug therapies. The overall drug usages in this study revealed that a total number of 301 drugs were prescribed. Out of which, metformin was most prescribed [128 (42.52%)]. CONCLUSION: Periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to be done to provide suitable medications profile in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce the adverse effects. The study of prescribing patterns require regular monitoring and evaluation and if necessary, suggestion of modification in prescribing pattern of medical practitioners to make medical care rational and cost effective. The current anti diabetic drugs includes insulin preparation and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), the preference is given mostly to metformin which is first choice of drug but the other drugs such as human insulin is also prescribed for many patients, also some combinations of (OHA) drugs are also preferred.

IMPACT OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN COVID-19 AND ITS CLINICAL CONSEDERATIONS IN DRUG USAGE

Dr C.Nithish*, Dr.Vadla Vidyasagar
Departement of Clinical Pharmacy, Care Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

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BIO ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIADTION FOR THE QUANITIFICATION OF CYTARABINE IN RAT PLASMA BY USING HPTLC

Supriya.Palaparthi*, Syed Afrin, M.Siva Prasad,Rama rao.N
Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur

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STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON DIFFERENT SPECIES OF PLUMERIA AS HERBAL INDICATOR.

Simran A. Pandey, Dr. Ujwala Dube, Mrs. Suchita Gokhale, Suraj Rajbhar
Ideal College of Pharmacy & Research.
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai, India).

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ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF DRUGS USED IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Anina Anil*, Jeni Joseph, Ria Maria Varghese, Stephy Chacko, Mr. B, Dr. Elessy Abraham
Nazareth College of Pharmacy, Othera, Thiruvalla.

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ASSESSMENT OF PREVELANCE OF SELF MEDICATION AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTS

Gikku Mariyam Varghese^1*, Deepa Koshy², Dr.Abel Abraham Thomas³
¹Nazareth College of Pharmacy, Othera, Thiruvalla.
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nazareth College of Pharmacy, Othera, Thiruvalla.

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BACKGROUND: Self-medication has been defined as the use of medication (modern and/or traditional) for self-treatment without consulting a physician either for diagnosis, prescription, or surveillance of treatment. Self-medication practice offers ease of access to OTC medications at a lower cost, which serves as an alternative to the costly and time-consuming clinical consultations. Safety issues are a major concern as many diseases have similar symptoms. Many studies have revealed that young adults are more vulnerable to the practice of self-medication due to their low perception of risk associated with the use of drugs, knowledge of drugs, easy access to Internet, wider media coverage on related health issues, ready access to drugs, level of education, and social status. Self-medication is significant among the pharmacy students as they are the future custodians of medicines and have a potential role in counselling the patients about the disadvantages and other implications associated with drugs. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational cross sectional study was conducted in a Pharmacy college located in South India with a sample size of 568. A structured data collection form was used to collect information on demographic parameters including age and sex, accommodation, year of the degree/ PG program, drugs being used as self-medication and it was then analyzed. RESULTS: In the present study 87% of the participants were females. The main source for obtaining medicines was the pharmacy. Alarmingly, about one third of the respondents obtained antibiotics for self-medication without a prescription despite the fact that they were aware of the risk of development of bacterial resistance. The main reasons for self-medication include health problem being not serious, the illness is minor, to get quick relief of the condition and to avoid long waiting at clinics. The most common types of self-medications used by participants include analgesics, vitamins and minerals, antihistamines, etc.

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BACKGROUND: Self-medication has been defined as the use of medication (modern and/or traditional) for self-treatment without consulting a physician either for diagnosis, prescription, or surveillance of treatment. Self-medication practice offers ease of access to OTC medications at a lower cost, which serves as an alternative to the costly and time-consuming clinical consultations. Safety issues are a major concern as many diseases have similar symptoms. Many studies have revealed that young adults are more vulnerable to the practice of self-medication due to their low perception of risk associated with the use of drugs, knowledge of drugs, easy access to Internet, wider media coverage on related health issues, ready access to drugs, level of education, and social status. Self-medication is significant among the pharmacy students as they are the future custodians of medicines and have a potential role in counselling the patients about the disadvantages and other implications associated with drugs. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational cross sectional study was conducted in a Pharmacy college located in South India with a sample size of 568. A structured data collection form was used to collect information on demographic parameters including age and sex, accommodation, year of the degree/ PG program, drugs being used as self-medication and it was then analyzed. RESULTS: In the present study 87% of the participants were females. The main source for obtaining medicines was the pharmacy. Alarmingly, about one third of the respondents obtained antibiotics for self-medication without a prescription despite the fact that they were aware of the risk of development of bacterial resistance. The main reasons for self-medication include health problem being not serious, the illness is minor, to get quick relief of the condition and to avoid long waiting at clinics. The most common types of self-medications used by participants include analgesics, vitamins and minerals, antihistamines, etc.

A REVIEW: PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Peruboina Neelima*, Maddula Venkata Ramana, Rama Rao Nadendla
Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur-522034, A.P, India.

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HAIR CARE PROMISING HERBS: A REVIEW

K. Rashid*, V. Baskar Ananda Raj, P. S Shiji Kumar, K.M Nishad
Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College, Pulikkal, Malappuram-673637 Kerala.

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MICROSPHERES: REVIEW

Kaveri Wagh*, Krutanjali Rajesh Nikumbh, Nidhi Ashish Parikh, Dheeraj Raghunath Chavan, Shailesh Ram Kokani, Ranjana Prakash Guroda, Ansari Sadiya Bano Habeeburrahman
Royal College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research SayneKhurd, Malegaon, Dist. Nashik [423203] Maharashtra, India.

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A SHORT REVIEW ON CANAVAN DISEASE

G.V.K.S.Abhinav
Koringa College of Pharmacy, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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COMPARITIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS BY AAS AND IN VITRO ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MARKETED AND IN HOUSE FORMULATIONS OF UDARKALP CHURNA

P. Sai Harshita*, R. Kanchan Sonali, M. Rajeshwari, P. Aarthi, P. Girija Sravani, Leemol Shaju, V. Jyothi
Sarojini Naidu Vanita Pharmacy Maha Vidyalaya Tarnaka- 500017.

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ORGAN TRANSPLANT A SYSTEM WITHIN ITSELF

Neha Naaz*, Aaminah Najmus Sahar, Khadija Akhtar Omer, Humaira Minhaj, Sufia Iram Irshad.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Deccan School of Pharmacy(DSOP),OU,Hyderabad500001,Telangana,India.

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PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF INFLUENZA VACCINE ADMINISTRATION AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS AT PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTERS OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH IN JEDDAH 2019

Layan Arafah¹, Shaimaa Hawsawi¹, Amal Alfaifi¹, Widad Berdisi¹, Naeema Akbar²
¹Family Medicine Program, Public Health Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
²Clinical Preventive Medicine, Public Health Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF 1, 8-DIOXOOCTAHYDROXANTHENES USING PHOSPHONITRILIC CHLORIDE AS CATALYST

Sanjeev M. Reddy¹, Jitendra S. Pulle²
¹G.M.V. Kotgyal, Dist. Nanded (M.S.) India.
²S.G.B. College, Purna (Jn.), Dist. Parbhani (M.S.), India.

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PRESCRIPTION PATTERN IN MANAGEMENT OF VITILIGO IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE; A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Dr. Amrita Singam, Dr. Mrunalini Chokhandre, Dr. Parul Gaikwad

Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur.

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COMPARITIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS BY AAS AND IN VITRO ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MARKETED AND IN HOUSE FORMULATIONS OF UDARKALP CHURNA

P. Sai Harshita*, R. Kanchan Sonali, M. Rajeshwari, P. Aarthi, P. Girija Sravani, Leemol Shaju, V. Jyothi
Sarojini Naidu Vanita Pharmacy Maha Vidyalaya Tarnaka- 500017.

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INTELLECTUAL PROPRIETY RIGHTS: REVIEW

Pravin Tryambak Netkar*, Mohammed Awais Iqbal, Momin Nashra Sohail, Farooqui Nilofar Mohammad Jameel
Royal College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, SayneKhurd, Malegaon, Dist. Nashik [423203] Maharashtra, India.

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PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF INFLUENZA VACCINE ADMINISTRATION AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS AT PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTERS OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH IN JEDDAH 2019

Layan Arafah¹, Shaimaa Hawsawi¹, Amal Alfaifi¹, Widad Berdisi¹, Naeema Akbar²
¹Family Medicine Program, Public Health Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
²Clinical Preventive Medicine, Public Health Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Background: Influenza is a substantial threat to healthcare settings, and the annual influenza vaccine (IV) is an effective preventive measure against influenza. However, the vaccination rate among health care workers (HCWs) remains low. Objective: This study aimed at assessing vaccine coverage among HCWs at the primary health care centers of the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH), and determine factors affecting compliance to vaccination. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, and by applying a multistage clustering sample method, we randomly selected 83 male and 202 female HCWs. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information about IV uptake and its determinants. We performed the chi-square test to define associated factors and used binomial logistic regression analysis to determine the unconfounded predictors of IV. Results: The rate of IV among HCWs ranged from 53.3% during 2016 to 51.7% during the 2018 season. Compliances to successive vaccination over the past three years were only 30.2%; however, 66.2% of HCWs intended to receive the vaccine during the upcoming season. The main reasons for IV uptake included self-protection against influenza (60.7%) and caring about client's patients (44.8%). Single female nurses were more likely to be immunized against IV than other HCWs p<0.05. Both reading the official MOH IV guidelines and feeling of having sufficient knowledge about IV were unconfounded predictors for the vaccine. Conclusion: The overall immunization coverage was suboptimal, and the fact that reading the official MOH IV guidelines had a strong statistical association with a positive attitude towards vaccination emphasizes the role of governmental authorities in enhancing vaccine among the HCWsBackground: Influenza is a substantial threat to healthcare settings, and the annual influenza vaccine (IV) is an effective preventive measure against influenza. However, the vaccination rate among health care workers (HCWs) remains low. Objective: This study aimed at assessing vaccine coverage among HCWs at the primary health care centers of the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH), and determine factors affecting compliance to vaccination. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, and by applying a multistage clustering sample method, we randomly selected 83 male and 202 female HCWs. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information about IV uptake and its determinants. We performed the chi-square test to define associated factors and used binomial logistic regression analysis to determine the unconfounded predictors of IV. Results: The rate of IV among HCWs ranged from 53.3% during 2016 to 51.7% during the 2018 season. Compliances to successive vaccination over the past three years were only 30.2%; however, 66.2% of HCWs intended to receive the vaccine during the upcoming season. The main reasons for IV uptake included self-protection against influenza (60.7%) and caring about client's patients (44.8%). Single female nurses were more likely to be immunized against IV than other HCWs p<0.05. Both reading the official MOH IV guidelines and feeling of having sufficient knowledge about IV were unconfounded predictors for the vaccine. Conclusion: The overall immunization coverage was suboptimal, and the fact that reading the official MOH IV guidelines had a strong statistical association with a positive attitude towards vaccination emphasizes the role of governmental authorities in enhancing vaccine among the HCWs.

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Background: Influenza is a substantial threat to healthcare settings, and the annual influenza vaccine (IV) is an effective preventive measure against influenza. However, the vaccination rate among health care workers (HCWs) remains low. Objective: This study aimed at assessing vaccine coverage among HCWs at the primary health care centers of the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH), and determine factors affecting compliance to vaccination. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, and by applying a multistage clustering sample method, we randomly selected 83 male and 202 female HCWs. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information about IV uptake and its determinants. We performed the chi-square test to define associated factors and used binomial logistic regression analysis to determine the unconfounded predictors of IV. Results: The rate of IV among HCWs ranged from 53.3% during 2016 to 51.7% during the 2018 season. Compliances to successive vaccination over the past three years were only 30.2%; however, 66.2% of HCWs intended to receive the vaccine during the upcoming season. The main reasons for IV uptake included self-protection against influenza (60.7%) and caring about client's patients (44.8%). Single female nurses were more likely to be immunized against IV than other HCWs p<0.05. Both reading the official MOH IV guidelines and feeling of having sufficient knowledge about IV were unconfounded predictors for the vaccine. Conclusion: The overall immunization coverage was suboptimal, and the fact that reading the official MOH IV guidelines had a strong statistical association with a positive attitude towards vaccination emphasizes the role of governmental authorities in enhancing vaccine among the HCWsBackground: Influenza is a substantial threat to healthcare settings, and the annual influenza vaccine (IV) is an effective preventive measure against influenza. However, the vaccination rate among health care workers (HCWs) remains low. Objective: This study aimed at assessing vaccine coverage among HCWs at the primary health care centers of the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH), and determine factors affecting compliance to vaccination. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, and by applying a multistage clustering sample method, we randomly selected 83 male and 202 female HCWs. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information about IV uptake and its determinants. We performed the chi-square test to define associated factors and used binomial logistic regression analysis to determine the unconfounded predictors of IV. Results: The rate of IV among HCWs ranged from 53.3% during 2016 to 51.7% during the 2018 season. Compliances to successive vaccination over the past three years were only 30.2%; however, 66.2% of HCWs intended to receive the vaccine during the upcoming season. The main reasons for IV uptake included self-protection against influenza (60.7%) and caring about client's patients (44.8%). Single female nurses were more likely to be immunized against IV than other HCWs p<0.05. Both reading the official MOH IV guidelines and feeling of having sufficient knowledge about IV were unconfounded predictors for the vaccine. Conclusion: The overall immunization coverage was suboptimal, and the fact that reading the official MOH IV guidelines had a strong statistical association with a positive attitude towards vaccination emphasizes the role of governmental authorities in enhancing vaccine among the HCWs.

OPTIMIZE THE PROCESS PARAMETERS OF ROLLER COMPACTION STABLE AND ROBUST DOSAGE FORM: A REVIEW

Sujeet Kumar Das*, Praveen Kumar, Vikash Jakhmola
Department of Pharmacy , GRD (PG) IMT, Dehradun-248 009 Uttarakhand, India.

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Roll compaction is a unit process in the dry compaction process; a force enhances a mass procedure in which granules are ready with suitable flowability, granulation properties, chemical stability and uniformity especially for heat sensitive and moisture formulations. Throughout the roll compaction process, the active ingredient and excipients of the dry powders, example lubricants, diluents, binders and disintegrants are mixed in the blender. The mixtures of powder are then roller granulated and reduces the size to make granules. The resultant granules are blended with lubricated and compressed into a tablet form. The current work was undertaken to prepare a stable and robust dosage form by optimizing the process parameters of roll- compaction. In roller compaction powder blend is first passed through feeding sector, then densified powder go through compaction sector between two counter rotary rolls and sheets are formed. Granules are passed through a suitable sieve and oversize & undersize granules are separated. New compaction cycle is performed if the suitable ratios of oversize and undersize granules are not achieved. Then these granules are blended and extragarnular substance is blended with previous blend. Blend is then subjected to compression for tablet preparation. Sheets are evaluated for their breaking force by using Universal Force Tester® FMT 310. A sheet piece of 10 x 10 mm was placed in the test plate and the upper stamp was driven down towards the sheet with 10 mm/min of speed and breaking force is measured. The tablets made from roll compacted granules were found to be superior quality and all test revealed that evaluation parameters were under pharmacopoeial limits. With technological advances in drug development, dry granulation by roller compaction is more advantageous than wet granulation process with simple manufacturing process, low operational cost, no use of liquid solvent, large scale production and suitability for heat and moisture sensitive drug. objectives of the review article are to optimize the process parameters (Roll Compaction), optimize the blending parameters, perform the blend uniformity, evaluate the in-process parameters, and perform the dissolution study.

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Roll compaction is a unit process in the dry compaction process; a force enhances a mass procedure in which granules are ready with suitable flowability, granulation properties, chemical stability and uniformity especially for heat sensitive and moisture formulations. Throughout the roll compaction process, the active ingredient and excipients of the dry powders, example lubricants, diluents, binders and disintegrants are mixed in the blender. The mixtures of powder are then roller granulated and reduces the size to make granules. The resultant granules are blended with lubricated and compressed into a tablet form. The current work was undertaken to prepare a stable and robust dosage form by optimizing the process parameters of roll- compaction. In roller compaction powder blend is first passed through feeding sector, then densified powder go through compaction sector between two counter rotary rolls and sheets are formed. Granules are passed through a suitable sieve and oversize & undersize granules are separated. New compaction cycle is performed if the suitable ratios of oversize and undersize granules are not achieved. Then these granules are blended and extragarnular substance is blended with previous blend. Blend is then subjected to compression for tablet preparation. Sheets are evaluated for their breaking force by using Universal Force Tester® FMT 310. A sheet piece of 10 x 10 mm was placed in the test plate and the upper stamp was driven down towards the sheet with 10 mm/min of speed and breaking force is measured. The tablets made from roll compacted granules were found to be superior quality and all test revealed that evaluation parameters were under pharmacopoeial limits. With technological advances in drug development, dry granulation by roller compaction is more advantageous than wet granulation process with simple manufacturing process, low operational cost, no use of liquid solvent, large scale production and suitability for heat and moisture sensitive drug. objectives of the review article are to optimize the process parameters (Roll Compaction), optimize the blending parameters, perform the blend uniformity, evaluate the in-process parameters, and perform the dissolution study.

ASSESSMENT OF CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS WITH VARIOUS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS USED IN SURGERY DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

Sanisha V Soman1*, Mahima Jose2, Deepa Koshy3, Abiya Susan Shibu4, Mrs. Nisha Pothen5
Department Of Pharmacology, Nazareth College Of Pharmacy, Othera, Thiruvalla.

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STUDY OF INTERACTION (COMPATIBILITY) AND EVALUATION OF SOLUBILITY OF ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID IN PRESENCE OF EXCIPIENT LYSINE

Shanthala H.K.* Dr. Jayaprakash H.V, Dr.S.J. Shankar
Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru.
Department of Chemistry, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumakuru.
Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru.

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