Welcome to Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

DECEMBER 2020

FT-IR Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin calcium and Clopidogrel bisulphatein Combined Dosage Form

Anitha K^*¹, N. T. Rangari², T.M. Kalyankar³ and R.V. Birajdar³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²KJs Educational Institute, Trinity College of Pharmacy, Yewalewadi, Pune-411048 Maharashtra, India.

³Department of Quality Assurance, School of Pharmacy, S. R. T. M. University, Vishnupuri, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ISONIAZID AND PYRIDOXINE

Anitha K*1, T. M. Kalyankar2, U. A. Khedkar2, R. B. Gholve2
1Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram - 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, Maharashtra, India.

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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION BY RP-HPLC

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², V. B. Ingale² and Ashok P Gingine³

¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A VALIDATED RP- HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ARTESUNATE, SULFADOXINE AND PYRIMETHAMINE IN BULK AND TABLETS FORMULATION

Anitha K¹, T. M. Kalyankar², Khan Jawad S. A.² and Ashok P Gingine³
¹Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.
³School of Educational Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (431 606), MS India.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF REFERRALS IN LIAISON PSYCHIATRY

Dr Sally John^1*,Dr.Amrita Singam², Dr Sonia Mary Thomas³
¹Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi ,Wardha, Maharashtra Pin 442 001.
²Indira Gandhi Govt. Medical College, Department.of Pharmacology, Nagpur.
³Santhula Trust Hospital, Vadakkara, Oliyapuram P.O Kuthattukulam, Ernakulam Dt, Kerala.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

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Liaison psychiatry specializes in bridging psychiatric services to other specialities. It has been actively intervening in the reduction of the communication gap between the various specialities in many health care setups. Thereby it provides them the ability to acquire adequate understanding about the intricacies involved in treating patients with physical and psychiatric co-morbidities. Efficient communication between different levels of care has a great impact on quality of health care. Objectives: To assess the source of referral, reason for referral, the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients referred and the Psychiatric treatment initiated by the referring team and the knowledge of the illness. Materials and method: The study was a cross sectional study conducted on the out patients and inpatients referred to the psychiatric department in a tertiary care hospital in central India. It was completed in the time period of 3 months from June 1st 2014 to August 15th 2014 with a sample size of 150 patients. All the referred patients were evaluated by a consultant psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases -10th Edition). Results: Out of the total number of patients who were referred 79(52.6%) patients were males and 71(47.3%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 36.01 years. A majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. A majority of the referrals were made from the department of medicine (n=76, 50.6%).The various reasons for psychiatric referral were analyzed and it was found that the most common reason was the presence abnormal behaviour (n=37, 24.6%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis made was substance use disorders (n=51, 34%) Conclusion: The observations of our study clearly show that there is significant gap existing in consultation liaison psychiatry as reflected in the profile and patterns referrals assessed. Early diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to the other departments with various physical illnesses definitely hasten recovery, reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. The way ahead is too long in this field and the need for improving the liaison is crucial in reducing the burden of morbidity and improving the quality of life of the patient and their carers.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF VALSARTAN USING SPRAY DRIED DILUENTS

MahaleNitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF OLMESARTAN

Mahale Nitin B^*1, Battase A.P².
¹Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
²GovindraoNikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal ChiplunDistRatnagiri, (M.S), India.

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PATIENT MEDICATION COUNSELLING PRACTICE ON DISPENSING OF MEDICINES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN OUTPATIENT PHARMACIES OF BAHIR DAR CITY, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA

Anteneh Mengist^1*, Ruth Wondie², Abel Lulie², Hayat Melkamu², Sefineh Fenta³
¹College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
²College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gamby Medical and Business College, Bahirdar, Ethiopia.
³College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.

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Dispensing drugs with appropriate counseling is a critical part of the drug use process. Proper counseling will result in an improvement in patient compliance and its therapeutic outcome. Regardless of the modern facilities, extensive education, and careful diagnosis, in reality, inappropriate or incorrect dispensing results in all the benefits of the health care system valueless and contributes for the raise of drug resistance to a dangerously high level. Despite this, globally more than half of all medicines are dispensed or sold inappropriately. This study was aimed at assessing patient medication counseling practice on dispensing of medicines and its predictors in outpatient pharmacies of Bahir Dar city, 2020. A cross-sectional study was employed using an observational checklist and interviewer-administered questionnaire to all outpatient pharmacies of Bahir Dar city with considering only one dispenser as a participant from each outpatient pharmacies. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Out of 123 dispensers, only 59.3% of them have good patient counseling practice and no one delivers complete medication counseling for the patient in Bahir Dar city outpatient pharmacies. The most frequent drug information give to clients were unit dose (93.5%), frequency of administration (92.7%), and duration of therapy (76.4%). Whereas, drug storage places at home, what patients do if they miss a dose, and not sharing drugs with others were least frequently counseled. Educational qualifications, workload, and years of work experience affect medication counseling practice significantly. Patient medication counseling is still unacceptably low in Bahir Dar city outpatient pharmacies and it was significantly affected by patient load, educational qualification, and work experience. So, to come up with better improvement in patient medication counseling practice these factors need special focus by the concerned bodies.

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Dispensing drugs with appropriate counseling is a critical part of the drug use process. Proper counseling will result in an improvement in patient compliance and its therapeutic outcome. Regardless of the modern facilities, extensive education, and careful diagnosis, in reality, inappropriate or incorrect dispensing results in all the benefits of the health care system valueless and contributes for the raise of drug resistance to a dangerously high level. Despite this, globally more than half of all medicines are dispensed or sold inappropriately. This study was aimed at assessing patient medication counseling practice on dispensing of medicines and its predictors in outpatient pharmacies of Bahir Dar city, 2020. A cross-sectional study was employed using an observational checklist and interviewer-administered questionnaire to all outpatient pharmacies of Bahir Dar city with considering only one dispenser as a participant from each outpatient pharmacies. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Out of 123 dispensers, only 59.3% of them have good patient counseling practice and no one delivers complete medication counseling for the patient in Bahir Dar city outpatient pharmacies. The most frequent drug information give to clients were unit dose (93.5%), frequency of administration (92.7%), and duration of therapy (76.4%). Whereas, drug storage places at home, what patients do if they miss a dose, and not sharing drugs with others were least frequently counseled. Educational qualifications, workload, and years of work experience affect medication counseling practice significantly. Patient medication counseling is still unacceptably low in Bahir Dar city outpatient pharmacies and it was significantly affected by patient load, educational qualification, and work experience. So, to come up with better improvement in patient medication counseling practice these factors need special focus by the concerned bodies.

REVIEW ON PYRIMIDINE ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS

Prashant Chavan¹, Amitkumar Raval¹, Avinash V. Patil^2*
¹Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, India.
²Smt. S. S. Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda-425107, District Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.

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Hypercholesterolemia is considered as one of the most important risk factors and thereby a primary therapeutic target. Measurement of serum lipid concentration helps in identifcation of the subject with cardio metabolic abnormalities or risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although, the benefits of lowering cholesterol level has been widely known for the prevention of heart diseases. AcetylCoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are the new targets which are directly or indirectly involved in hyperlipidemia. The rising tide of obesity, diabetes and hypertension are collectively attributed to our reluctance to exercise and desire for fast food. Cessation of smoking, control of blood pressure and blood levels of glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), as well as elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels remain the most effective long-term options for controlling atherosclerosis. Raised Cholesterol Situation and trends in india and globally is described. A variety of drugs used in the therapy belong to the classes of fibrates, statins, bile acid sequestrants, niacin derivatives, as well as, some newer drugs like ezetimibe, avasimibe, eflucimibe, lapaquinstat acetate, lomitapide mesylate, etc., are available in the present antihyperlipidemic therapy, but still there are problems associated with most of these currently available lipid lowering drugs. Current new drug discovery efforts to develop new molecules for antihyperlipidemic research involve focussing on various new molecular mechanisms of hyperlipidaemia and thereby several attractive molecular targets involved thereof in this process are being exploited. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptors (PPARs) [agonists of PPARs] is one of the most important target identified as antihyperlipidemic agents. This review deals with many new molecules may offer an insight for developing new leads for antihyperlipidemic therapy to budding researchers in this field.

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Hypercholesterolemia is considered as one of the most important risk factors and thereby a primary therapeutic target. Measurement of serum lipid concentration helps in identifcation of the subject with cardio metabolic abnormalities or risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although, the benefits of lowering cholesterol level has been widely known for the prevention of heart diseases. AcetylCoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are the new targets which are directly or indirectly involved in hyperlipidemia. The rising tide of obesity, diabetes and hypertension are collectively attributed to our reluctance to exercise and desire for fast food. Cessation of smoking, control of blood pressure and blood levels of glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), as well as elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels remain the most effective long-term options for controlling atherosclerosis. Raised Cholesterol Situation and trends in india and globally is described. A variety of drugs used in the therapy belong to the classes of fibrates, statins, bile acid sequestrants, niacin derivatives, as well as, some newer drugs like ezetimibe, avasimibe, eflucimibe, lapaquinstat acetate, lomitapide mesylate, etc., are available in the present antihyperlipidemic therapy, but still there are problems associated with most of these currently available lipid lowering drugs. Current new drug discovery efforts to develop new molecules for antihyperlipidemic research involve focussing on various new molecular mechanisms of hyperlipidaemia and thereby several attractive molecular targets involved thereof in this process are being exploited. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptors (PPARs) [agonists of PPARs] is one of the most important target identified as antihyperlipidemic agents. This review deals with many new molecules may offer an insight for developing new leads for antihyperlipidemic therapy to budding researchers in this field.

A REVIEW ON IMMUNITY BOOSTER- A HERBAL REMEDY TO FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19

Miss Dube Shubhada Bhausaheb, Deepak S Musmade, Swati. S. Pagar, Divya Kishor Vaykos & Sunanda Bhavrao kharat
Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy, Vaijapur.

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This review focused on the use of plant?based foods and herbal pharmaceutical formulation for enhancing the immunity against COVID?19. In humans, corona viruses are causing the common cold and, recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) these present a major threat to public health. The novel corona virus has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. COVID?19 is usually caused a virus to which most probably the people with low immunity response are being affected. Plant?based foods increased the intestinal beneficial bacteria which are helpful and make up the immune system. By the use of plenty of water, minerals like magnesium and Zinc, micronutrients, herbs, food rich in vitamins C, D and E, and better life style one can promote the health and can overcome this infection. Various studies investigated that a powerful antioxidant glutathione and a bioflavonoid quercitin may prevent various infections including COVID?19. In conclusion, the plant?based foods play a vital role to enhance the immunity of people to control of COVID?1This review focused on the use of plant?based foods and herbal pharmaceutical formulation for enhancing the immunity against COVID?19. In humans, corona viruses are causing the common cold and, recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) these present a major threat to public health. The novel corona virus has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. COVID?19 is usually caused a virus to which most probably the people with low immunity response are being affected. Plant?based foods increased the intestinal beneficial bacteria which are helpful and make up the immune system. By the use of plenty of water, minerals like magnesium and Zinc, micronutrients, herbs, food rich in vitamins C, D and E, and better life style one can promote the health and can overcome this infection. Various studies investigated that a powerful antioxidant glutathione and a bioflavonoid quercitin may prevent various infections including COVID?19. In conclusion, the plant?based foods play a vital role to enhance the immunity of people to control of COVID?19.

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This review focused on the use of plant?based foods and herbal pharmaceutical formulation for enhancing the immunity against COVID?19. In humans, corona viruses are causing the common cold and, recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) these present a major threat to public health. The novel corona virus has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. COVID?19 is usually caused a virus to which most probably the people with low immunity response are being affected. Plant?based foods increased the intestinal beneficial bacteria which are helpful and make up the immune system. By the use of plenty of water, minerals like magnesium and Zinc, micronutrients, herbs, food rich in vitamins C, D and E, and better life style one can promote the health and can overcome this infection. Various studies investigated that a powerful antioxidant glutathione and a bioflavonoid quercitin may prevent various infections including COVID?19. In conclusion, the plant?based foods play a vital role to enhance the immunity of people to control of COVID?1This review focused on the use of plant?based foods and herbal pharmaceutical formulation for enhancing the immunity against COVID?19. In humans, corona viruses are causing the common cold and, recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) these present a major threat to public health. The novel corona virus has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. COVID?19 is usually caused a virus to which most probably the people with low immunity response are being affected. Plant?based foods increased the intestinal beneficial bacteria which are helpful and make up the immune system. By the use of plenty of water, minerals like magnesium and Zinc, micronutrients, herbs, food rich in vitamins C, D and E, and better life style one can promote the health and can overcome this infection. Various studies investigated that a powerful antioxidant glutathione and a bioflavonoid quercitin may prevent various infections including COVID?19. In conclusion, the plant?based foods play a vital role to enhance the immunity of people to control of COVID?19.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION & IN-VITRO ACTIVITY OF NEW SERIES OF COUMARIN SUBSTITUTED MERCAPTO-1, 3, 4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS GSK-3? INHIBITORS.

Purohit S.S.*, Kulkarni V.H., Joshi S.D.
S.E.T.’s College of Pharmacy, S.R.Nagar, Near Microwave Tower, Dharwad-580002, India.

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MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION - AYURVEDIC APPROACH

Thulasi V S^1*, Giby Thomas²
¹PG Scholar, Department of Prasutitantra and Streeroga, Government Ayurveda College, Trippunittura, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.
²Associate Professor, Department of Prasutitantra and Streeroga, Government Ayurveda College, Trippunittura, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

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Menopausal transition or perimenopause is the phase of aging process during which a woman passes from reproductive to non-reproductive stage. It is the period around the late reproductive years, usually late 40 s to early 50s. It begins with menstrual cycle irregularity and extends to one year after permanent cessation of menses. Most of the women begin to experience an array of physical, psychological, vasomotor and urogenital symptoms long before they meet the definition of menopause due to gradual loss of ovarian follicular activity. For about 20% of women with perimenopausal symptoms are highly problematic. In Ayurveda the term rajakshaya 1is used to denote the condition. As explained in classical references the normal menstrual flow is gradually decreases by the age of 50 yrsjara pakwa sareeranam yathi panchasata:kshayam.2 Rajas is considered as the upadhatu of rasa3 or raktha4.1 In perimenopausal period there is gradual depletion in the normal levels of dhatus which result in rajakshaya. Hence it is considered as a Swabhavabala pravrutta vyadhi5 and symptoms of jara or vardhakya are seen. In this period there is agni mandya, pitta kshaya, aggravation of vata along with kapha medo dushti and uttarothra dhatu kshaya occurs which ultimately results in rajakshaya. No direct description about perimenopausal symptoms are available in Ayurvedic classics.Various symptoms mentioned in samhithas in the context of yonirogas can be seen in perimenopausal period. Sometimes these symptoms may be troublesome and may affect the quality of life badly. Ayurveda offers effective modalities and herbal formulations for the management of perimenopausal symptoms. To cope up these and to get symptomatic relief these, the line of treatment should be rasayana, balya, dhatukrith and rasa raktha prasadana. Jwarasamaka or Santhapasamaka treatment principles can be adopted. Life style modifications which include balanced diet, exercises along with specific yogasanas and pranayama can also improve the quality of life in menopausal transition.

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Menopausal transition or perimenopause is the phase of aging process during which a woman passes from reproductive to non-reproductive stage. It is the period around the late reproductive years, usually late 40 s to early 50s. It begins with menstrual cycle irregularity and extends to one year after permanent cessation of menses. Most of the women begin to experience an array of physical, psychological, vasomotor and urogenital symptoms long before they meet the definition of menopause due to gradual loss of ovarian follicular activity. For about 20% of women with perimenopausal symptoms are highly problematic. In Ayurveda the term rajakshaya 1is used to denote the condition. As explained in classical references the normal menstrual flow is gradually decreases by the age of 50 yrsjara pakwa sareeranam yathi panchasata:kshayam.2 Rajas is considered as the upadhatu of rasa3 or raktha4.1 In perimenopausal period there is gradual depletion in the normal levels of dhatus which result in rajakshaya. Hence it is considered as a Swabhavabala pravrutta vyadhi5 and symptoms of jara or vardhakya are seen. In this period there is agni mandya, pitta kshaya, aggravation of vata along with kapha medo dushti and uttarothra dhatu kshaya occurs which ultimately results in rajakshaya. No direct description about perimenopausal symptoms are available in Ayurvedic classics.Various symptoms mentioned in samhithas in the context of yonirogas can be seen in perimenopausal period. Sometimes these symptoms may be troublesome and may affect the quality of life badly. Ayurveda offers effective modalities and herbal formulations for the management of perimenopausal symptoms. To cope up these and to get symptomatic relief these, the line of treatment should be rasayana, balya, dhatukrith and rasa raktha prasadana. Jwarasamaka or Santhapasamaka treatment principles can be adopted. Life style modifications which include balanced diet, exercises along with specific yogasanas and pranayama can also improve the quality of life in menopausal transition.

COVID-19 RECENT UPDATES AND THERAPEUTIC HOPE

Vishal B. Mahajan*, Rahul S. Taywade, Jitendra M. Choudhary, Sneha V. Mahajan, Sayali C. Dudhal*
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, G S Moze College of Pharmacy,Wagholi, Pune.

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OVERVIEW OF NANO EMULSIONS: CONCEPT, FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATIONS.

Ghumare Rushikesh Ratnakar*, Pagar Swati Aappasaheb, Dube Shubhada Bhausaheb, Musmade Deepak Sitaram
SDSPM’s Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy, Vaijapur, Tal- Vaijapur, Dist-Aurangabad, MS, India-423701.

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A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON NEUROCOGNITIVE EFFECTS OF TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS AMONG PATIENTS IN REFERENCE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA

Srujana Birudu¹, Tejaswini kanumuri¹, Naga Neelima Bhashyam¹, Dr. Venkateswararao J¹, Dr. Murali Krishna N²
¹Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Autonomous) NAAC A, Guntur-522034, AP, India.
²Department of Psychiatry, Government General Hospital, Guntur.

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AIM: To compare the Neurocognitive effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics among schizophrenic patients. PURPOSE: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by hallucinations, delusions and other cognitive difficulties; it can often be a lifelong struggle. Although it can be treated very effectively, acute aggravations often occur. Antipsychotic drug therapies are fairly effective for decreasing the rate of relapses and neurocognitive difficulties in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the typical and atypical antipsychotics used to treat patients with schizophrenia in terms of neurocognitive effects and Quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study is proposed to be conducted in 6 months. All the patients were administered the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, to evaluate cognitive function by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Short Form 36, and the Schedule for Assessing the Neurocognition (Attention, Memory, and Intelligence). SETTING: The study was conducted in the government general hospital, Guntur; an 1170 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 75patients who were taking typical antipsychotics and 75 patients taking atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. RESULTS: The medication adherence was similar in both groups of patients and perceived scores of the patients treated with atypical antipsychotics were significantly higher than those of the patients treated with typical antipsychotics in terms of neurocognition and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia and is related to the functional outcome of the illness. In our study, it reveals that atypical antipsychotics therapy was associated with more favourable results of neurocognition and quality of life compared with typical antipsychotics. So Finally, Our study concluded that Patients of Schizophrenia who are taking atypical antipsychotics showed positive results than typical antipsychotics in terms of Neurocognition and Overall patients Quality of Life.

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AIM: To compare the Neurocognitive effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics among schizophrenic patients. PURPOSE: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by hallucinations, delusions and other cognitive difficulties; it can often be a lifelong struggle. Although it can be treated very effectively, acute aggravations often occur. Antipsychotic drug therapies are fairly effective for decreasing the rate of relapses and neurocognitive difficulties in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the typical and atypical antipsychotics used to treat patients with schizophrenia in terms of neurocognitive effects and Quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study is proposed to be conducted in 6 months. All the patients were administered the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, to evaluate cognitive function by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Short Form 36, and the Schedule for Assessing the Neurocognition (Attention, Memory, and Intelligence). SETTING: The study was conducted in the government general hospital, Guntur; an 1170 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 75patients who were taking typical antipsychotics and 75 patients taking atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. RESULTS: The medication adherence was similar in both groups of patients and perceived scores of the patients treated with atypical antipsychotics were significantly higher than those of the patients treated with typical antipsychotics in terms of neurocognition and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia and is related to the functional outcome of the illness. In our study, it reveals that atypical antipsychotics therapy was associated with more favourable results of neurocognition and quality of life compared with typical antipsychotics. So Finally, Our study concluded that Patients of Schizophrenia who are taking atypical antipsychotics showed positive results than typical antipsychotics in terms of Neurocognition and Overall patients Quality of Life.

RECENT ADVANCES IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Mayuri Kailas Pawar, Trupti Mangesh Kumbhakarn*, Archana Ashok Takle, sonali, Natha Tarde. Pagar Swati Appasaheb, Musmade Deepak Sitaram
SDSPM’s Nandkumar Shinde College of pharmacy, Vaijapur, Tal- Vaijapur, Dist-Aurangabad, MS,India-423701.

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RECENT HERBAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS.

Dhokade Kartik Dnyaneshwar, Dhupe Amol Vitthal*, Pagar Swati Appasaheb, Musmade Deepak Sitaram
SDSPM’s Nandkumar Shinde College of Pharmacy, Vaijapur, Tal- Vaijapur, Dist-Aurangabad, MS, India-423701.

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A REVIEW ON COVID-19

Ms. Layana Roy, Ms. Fphamin.P.Philipose, Dr Abel Abraham Thomas^*
Department of Pharmacy Practice. Nazareth college of Pharmacy, Kerala, India.

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A CASE REPORT ON SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Ajeena Anto^1*, Tasneem Abdul Gafoor^1*, Maheshwari V^1*, Syam Prakash KR^1*, Sulfath T.S^2*, Sheik Haja Sherief^3*
¹Pharm- D Interns Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
²Department of Clinical pharmacy, IQRAA International hospital and research centre, Calicut, India
³Head Of Department ,Department Of Pharmacy Practice ,Nandha College of pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.

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RELATION OF OBESITY AND COVID-19 : ACE 2 AND CONSEQUENCES

Chaudhari Nikhil Suresh^1*, Dr. Milind Wagh¹, Ahire Pavan Vinayak², Kulkarni Prathamesh Manohar³

¹NDMVPS College of Pharmacy, Nashik.
²MGV’S Pharmacy College, NASHIK.
³Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

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STUDY OF CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

B. V. S. Lakshmi*, Sanjeev Kumar D. Rao, C. Mallikarjun Reddy, N. Sowjanya, M. Sudhakar, G. Chaitanya, M. Anusha, T. Ravalika
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana-500100 (Affiliated to Osmania University).

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RISK FACTORS FOR MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER: IMPACT OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL ON WOUND HEALING

B.V.S Lakshmi*, A. Anusha, M. Sudhakar, U. Deepika, G. Pravalika, M. Tejpal
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana-500100 (Affiliated to Osmania University).

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Background: Diabetic foot Ulcer is one of most significant and devastating complications of Diabetes. To study risk factors for multi-drug resistant organisms in Diabetic foot ulcer; impact of Glycemic control on wound healing using Chi square test, students t test logistic regression analysis. Methods: In 100 patients hospitalized, microbiological specimens taken on admission. Potential risk factors for MDRO-positive specimens were examined using univariate analyses, logistic regression for MDRO presence and wound healing time. Prospective follow-up data from patients used to evaluate the influence of MDRO infection& glycemic control on time to healing. Results: MDRO were isolated in 75 of 100 patients. Poor glycemic control, previous hospitalization, history of amputation, history of antibiotic use, ulcer size, necrotic ulcer, recurrent ulcers, higher grade of ulcer and polymicrobial culture were associated with MDRO infected foot ulcers (p <0.1). MDRO has no impact on wound healing. Logistic regression analysis indicated higher Grade of ulcer, poor glycemic control significantly delayed wound healing. Conclusions: The prevalence of MDRO is alarmingly high. Higher grade ulcers & recurrent ulcers are more prone to acquire MDROs. Positive MDRO status is not associated with wound healing. Higher grade of ulcer & poor glycemic control delays healing of foot ulcer. Background: Diabetic foot Ulcer is one of most significant and devastating complications of Diabetes. To study risk factors for multi-drug resistant organisms in Diabetic foot ulcer; impact of Glycemic control on wound healing using Chi square test, students t test logistic regression analysis. Methods: In 100 patients hospitalized, microbiological specimens taken on admission. Potential risk factors for MDRO-positive specimens were examined using univariate analyses, logistic regression for MDRO presence and wound healing time. Prospective follow-up data from patients used to evaluate the influence of MDRO infection& glycemic control on time to healing. Results: MDRO were isolated in 75 of 100 patients. Poor glycemic control, previous hospitalization, history of amputation, history of antibiotic use, ulcer size, necrotic ulcer, recurrent ulcers, higher grade of ulcer and polymicrobial culture were associated with MDRO infected foot ulcers (p <0.1). MDRO has no impact on wound healing. Logistic regression analysis indicated higher Grade of ulcer, poor glycemic control significantly delayed wound healing. Conclusions: The prevalence of MDRO is alarmingly high. Higher grade ulcers & recurrent ulcers are more prone to acquire MDROs. Positive MDRO status is not associated with wound healing. Higher grade of ulcer & poor glycemic control delays healing of foot ulcer.

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Background: Diabetic foot Ulcer is one of most significant and devastating complications of Diabetes. To study risk factors for multi-drug resistant organisms in Diabetic foot ulcer; impact of Glycemic control on wound healing using Chi square test, students t test logistic regression analysis. Methods: In 100 patients hospitalized, microbiological specimens taken on admission. Potential risk factors for MDRO-positive specimens were examined using univariate analyses, logistic regression for MDRO presence and wound healing time. Prospective follow-up data from patients used to evaluate the influence of MDRO infection& glycemic control on time to healing. Results: MDRO were isolated in 75 of 100 patients. Poor glycemic control, previous hospitalization, history of amputation, history of antibiotic use, ulcer size, necrotic ulcer, recurrent ulcers, higher grade of ulcer and polymicrobial culture were associated with MDRO infected foot ulcers (p <0.1). MDRO has no impact on wound healing. Logistic regression analysis indicated higher Grade of ulcer, poor glycemic control significantly delayed wound healing. Conclusions: The prevalence of MDRO is alarmingly high. Higher grade ulcers & recurrent ulcers are more prone to acquire MDROs. Positive MDRO status is not associated with wound healing. Higher grade of ulcer & poor glycemic control delays healing of foot ulcer. Background: Diabetic foot Ulcer is one of most significant and devastating complications of Diabetes. To study risk factors for multi-drug resistant organisms in Diabetic foot ulcer; impact of Glycemic control on wound healing using Chi square test, students t test logistic regression analysis. Methods: In 100 patients hospitalized, microbiological specimens taken on admission. Potential risk factors for MDRO-positive specimens were examined using univariate analyses, logistic regression for MDRO presence and wound healing time. Prospective follow-up data from patients used to evaluate the influence of MDRO infection& glycemic control on time to healing. Results: MDRO were isolated in 75 of 100 patients. Poor glycemic control, previous hospitalization, history of amputation, history of antibiotic use, ulcer size, necrotic ulcer, recurrent ulcers, higher grade of ulcer and polymicrobial culture were associated with MDRO infected foot ulcers (p <0.1). MDRO has no impact on wound healing. Logistic regression analysis indicated higher Grade of ulcer, poor glycemic control significantly delayed wound healing. Conclusions: The prevalence of MDRO is alarmingly high. Higher grade ulcers & recurrent ulcers are more prone to acquire MDROs. Positive MDRO status is not associated with wound healing. Higher grade of ulcer & poor glycemic control delays healing of foot ulcer.

STABILITY AND IN-VIVO EFFICACY OF BILE SALTS CONTAINING VESICLES (BILOSOMES) FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF VACCINES AND POORLY SOLUBLE ACTIVE DRUG MOLECULES

Srinivas Bhairy^*1, Subrahmanyam Pitchika², Sandeep Maurya³, Jagadevappa Patil⁴
¹Formulation Scientist, Department of Formulation Research and Development, Oncology Division, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited, MN Science and Technology Park, Genome Valley, Hyderabad - 500 078, Telangana, INDIA.
²Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Vagdevi College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Brahmadevam, District Nellore – 524 346, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
³Research Scholar, Northern College, Haileybury Campus, 640 Latchford Street, Box 2060, Haileybury - P0J 1K0, Ontario, CANADA.
4Principal & Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, VT’s S. S. Jondhle college of Pharmacy, Shahapur, District Thane-421 601, Maharashtra, INDIA.

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EVALUATION OF ISOLATED PHYTOSTEROL FROM LEAVES OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB.) PLANCH FOR ITS ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Ravindra C. Sutar^*
Department of Pharmacology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon. At-Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur (Pin code- 423603), Tal- Kopargaon, Dist- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

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A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY ON ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN CREATING AWARENESS AMONG WOMEN ABOUT BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN BANGALORE- INDIA.

G. Jyoteshwari^1*, Dr. Sushma Muchukota², Dr. E. Bhavya²
¹Gautham College of Pharmacy Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
²School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, VISTAS, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

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Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is simple, painless, very important, low-cost and non-invasive technique for early method for detection of Breast cancer in the initial stages. It is ought to be done for all women at all age groups. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge and practices of Breast Self Examination (BSE) as a method of prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer among women with involvement of clinical pharmacist and providing proper counselling and educating them regularly about BSE in order to prevent further complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 189 women, among few areas in Bangalore for a period of 6 months, using self-administrated questionnaire and women aged >19 years old, who are having minimal knowledge about BSE in 2019. Results: Majority of the participants, were between 20 -25 years 86(44.3%) also our study reveals that 13(6.7%) had family history of breast cancer. 120 (61.8%) of the participants had heard BSE and 35(18.5%) had good knowledge about BSE. Mass media and internet were the most common source of information about breast cancer. Few of the participants 60 (30.9%) had performed BSE. Family history of breast cancer, knowledge, and attitude of BSE were found to be extensively associated with BSE practice. Conclusion: Health education programs are very much essential to encourage and improve womens knowledge and practice of BSE, provide proper counselling so as to prevent further complications. As the knowledge 65(33.5%) and Practices about Breast Self Examination are very poor 99 (51%) It is very important to expand health educational programs to raise awareness about BSE and breast cancer so as to practice self-breast examination. Educational interventions are compulsorily required to encourage young women to perform BSE regularly at home, so that breast abnormalities can be detected early on and mortalities can be minimized.

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Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is simple, painless, very important, low-cost and non-invasive technique for early method for detection of Breast cancer in the initial stages. It is ought to be done for all women at all age groups. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge and practices of Breast Self Examination (BSE) as a method of prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer among women with involvement of clinical pharmacist and providing proper counselling and educating them regularly about BSE in order to prevent further complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 189 women, among few areas in Bangalore for a period of 6 months, using self-administrated questionnaire and women aged >19 years old, who are having minimal knowledge about BSE in 2019. Results: Majority of the participants, were between 20 -25 years 86(44.3%) also our study reveals that 13(6.7%) had family history of breast cancer. 120 (61.8%) of the participants had heard BSE and 35(18.5%) had good knowledge about BSE. Mass media and internet were the most common source of information about breast cancer. Few of the participants 60 (30.9%) had performed BSE. Family history of breast cancer, knowledge, and attitude of BSE were found to be extensively associated with BSE practice. Conclusion: Health education programs are very much essential to encourage and improve womens knowledge and practice of BSE, provide proper counselling so as to prevent further complications. As the knowledge 65(33.5%) and Practices about Breast Self Examination are very poor 99 (51%) It is very important to expand health educational programs to raise awareness about BSE and breast cancer so as to practice self-breast examination. Educational interventions are compulsorily required to encourage young women to perform BSE regularly at home, so that breast abnormalities can be detected early on and mortalities can be minimized.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF PATIENT COUNSELING ON THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Catherin Babu*, Jeffin Joseph, Cheryln Ann Chacko, Gikku Mariyam Varghese, Mr.Philip Jacob, Dr.Roshiny Thankom James, Dr: Elessy Abraham
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nazareth College of Pharmacy, Othera, Thiruvalla.

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MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS AND THE ECONOMIC IMPACT IN THEIR TREATMENT

B.V.S Lakshmi, M. Hima bindu, M.Sudhakar, M.Samhitha, S.Manasi*
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana-500100 (Affiliated to Osmania University).

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REPEATED DOSE 90-DAY ORAL TOXICITY EVALUATION OF KUMAARA VEERIYA KAANTHA CHENDURAM, A SIDDHA HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION IN WISTER ALBINO RATS

Siva Lakshmi.S^*1, H.Vetha Merlin Kumari¹, S.Mohan², R.Meenakumari³
¹Department of Maruthuvam, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai.
²Department of Maruthuvam, Former director, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai.
³National Institute of Siddha, Chennai.

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IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CLERODENDRUM PHLOMIDIS LEAF FOR ITS CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL AGAINST LUNG CANCER MARKERS

Anu Pandit^*1, N. Habeela Jainab¹, S. N. Sriharsha¹, Praveen P², Sheshagiri R Dixit²
¹Hillside College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Raghuvanahalli, Kanakapura Main Road, Bangalore-560062.
²JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.

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IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON SOME NOVEL N-SUBSTITUTED SULFONAMIDE ANTHRANILATE HYDROXAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES FOR ITS CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL AGAINST CANCER MARKERS

Abinash Pandit^*1, S.N. Sriharsha¹, N. Habeela Jainab¹, Praveen P², Sheshagiri R Dixit²
¹Hillside College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Raghuvanahalli, Kanakapura Main Road, Bangalore-560062.
²JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.

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