IAJPR

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

ISSN NO.: 2231-6876
SEPTEMBER 2016
1

PUNICA GRANATUM MITIGATES 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE AND CCL4-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HEPATIC PRECANCEROUS LESIONS IN WISTAR RATS

Osama M. Ahmed1*, Mohamed B. Ashour1, Hanaa I. Fahim1, Sameh F. AbouZid2, Ahmed R. Gaber3, Mohamed A. Abdel Gaid1
1Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
2Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
3Comparative Anatomy and Embryology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

Abstract

This study is designed to assess the preventive effects Punica granatum aril juice, aqueous extracts of seeds and husk and their mixture on the hepatic injury and hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration in male Wistar rats. DMBA/CCl4-administered rats were orally treated with Punica granatum aril juice at 10 ml/kg b.w./day, seeds and husk aqueous extracts at 400 mg/kg b.w./day and their mixture for 16 weeks to rats. The treatments with Punica granatum aril juice, seeds and husk aqueous extracts successfully attenuate the deleterious effects of DMBA/CCl4 on serum ALT, AST, ALP and GGT activities as well as serum total bilirubin, albumin and globulin levels. The elevated oxidative stress and the deteriorated antioxidant defense system were markedly improved by treatments. The increased mRNA expressions of hepatic NF-κB, TNF-α and COX-2 in liver of DMBA/CCl4-administered rats were significantly decreased by treatments. In contrast, the lowered p53 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased. The liver histological lesions, represented by inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes and emergence of pre-cancerous oval cells, in DMBA/CCl4-administered rats, were amended by treatments with Punica granatum aril juice, seeds and husk extracts and their mixture. In conclusion, Punica granatum aril juice, aqueous extracts of seeds and husk and their mixture successfully mitigate DMBA and CCl4-induced liver deleterious changes and precancerous lesions via their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions.

2

A STUDY ON SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICE AMONG NURSING, PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS IN A PRIVATE INSTITUTION

Robert V Lalengtluanga, Dimble Davis, Dr. Ritty Sara Cherian, K. Ramkumar, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. B. A Vishwanath
Aditya Bangalore Institute for Pharmacy Education & Research.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to study the self-medication practice among nursing, pharmacy and management students in a private institution. A cross-sectional descriptive prospective study on 350 samples was used. In the study, distribution of gender among study population and shows that there are 48.85% males and 51.14% females. In males, 86.54% used analgesics. It was highest consumption among all. 77.19% used antipyretics, which comes second. 17.54% went for antihistamine, 23.39% used GI agents. 7.017% used anti-emetics, 19.2% used for vitamin supplements. 18.12% took antibiotics, 9.35% used cough suppressants. 2.92% took anti- asthmatics and 3.5% only preferred Ayurveda. The highest consumption goes to analgesics which is 86%. Second highest was antipyretics which was 78.7%. 26.2% went for antihistamine, 26.2% used GI agents. 8.3 % used anti-emetics, 23.46% went for vitamin supplements. 19.55% took antibiotics, 12.8 % went for cough suppressants. 0.55% used anti-asthmatics and 1.6 % only believes in Ayurveda. Our study reveals that maximum numbers of the students are practicing self-medication. They got information of self-medication practice from parents, advertisements, friends, chemists, and other prescription letters. They follow self- medication for some of the reasons like cold, cough, acidity, infection, headache, nausea/vomiting and allergy etc. Some of the students are even on poly-pharmacy. Some students are not aware of dosing, adverse drug reaction, drug interaction and expiry date of the drugs. Even though majority of the students were aware in consultation of Pharmacist regarding uses of the drugs but adherence to the advice is poor leading to self- medication.

3

ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TYLOPHORA PAUCIFLORA WIGHT AND ARN A MEDICINAL PLANT

Starlin Thangarajan1,2*, Saravana Prabha P1
1Department of Bioinformatics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India 641 021.
2Department of Microbiology, J.J College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai Tamilnadu, India 641 021.

Abstract

The objective of the study is to assess antibacterial activities against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC430, Escherichia coli MTCC724, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhi MTCC735 and Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC432). Antibacterial study was carried out by disc diffusion method and MIC determination against the pathogens using crude ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Tylophora pauciflora with a zone of inhibition of 9±0.1 mm and MIC value (1 mg/mL). The present study scientifically proved that an ethanolic leaf extract of Tylophora pauciflora is the new antimicrobial agent that can be used to treat infectious diseases.

4

CAFFEIC ACID IMPROVES MEMORY OF COLLAGENASE-INDUCED BRAIN STROKE IN RATS

Amandeep Kaur, Nitin Bansal*
Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar)-140111.

Abstract

The present study is an effort to demonstrate the role of caffeic acid in the management of Collagenase - ICV induced brain stroke in rats. Wistar rats either sex; 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups. Caffeic acid was administered daily in 3 doses (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg; p.o.) to rats for 28 successive days. Brain stroke was induced in rats by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of collagenase (10 μl/ml) using stereotaxic appratus. Behavioral assessment of rats was carried with the help of Elevated plus Maze and Novel objective recognition task. After behavioral evaluation, the animals were sacrificed and the brains TBARS, GSH levels, Nitrite, Catalase and protein levels were estimated. Collagenase induced stroke rats showed significant increase in transfer latency of rats in elevated plus maze studies and showed significant difference in exploration of the novel and familiar object in retention trial of rats in novel object recognition task as compared to sham rats. Collagenase treated rats showed significant decrease in brain GSH, catalase, protein levels and increase in brain TBARS and nitrite levels. Administration of caffeic acid (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg; p.o) for 28 days reduced (p<0.05) the TL of rats during elevated plus maze session, and significant increases the time spent exploring the novel compared familiar object as compared to control group. Caffeic acid treated rats showed (p<0.05) an increase in brain GSH, catalase and protein levels and (p<0.05) decrease in brain TBARS and nitrite levels. Thus, caffeic acid may prove to be a useful remedy for the management of brain stroke owing to its possible neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.

5

“A STUDY ON PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS DURING PREGNANCY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE.”

Anju .A .S, Peter Kandel, Dr. Praveen Kumar, K. Ramkumar, Dr. B. A Viswanath
Aditya Bangalore Institute for Pharmacy Education & Research.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to access the current trend of prescribing patterns of the drugs used in the treatment of Hypertension in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months. 150 cases were collected for the study.A suitable designed data collection form was used to record all the necessary datas. The collected datas were analysed for the prescribing pattern of drugs used in pregnancy at initiation and during entire study period, reduction in pressure after the therapy, teratogenicity of the commonly prescribed drugs associated co-morbities and maternal complications.RESULTS: The category of the antihypertensives used in Gestational Hypertension and its management were Central sympatholytics, alpha+beta receptor antagonist, Calcium Channel Blocker, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Diuretics and MgSO4. The present study revealed that Methyldopa (category B) was the most frequently used drug constituting 30% followed by Labetalol 20% of the therapy. The most frequently used therapy was Single Drug Therapy constituting 66%. Double, Triple and Multi Drug Therapy were also used.CONCLUSION: Methyldopa was the commonly prescribed antihypertensives in monotherapy as well as combination for GHTN.

6

DRUG USE EVALUATION OF BRONCHODILATORS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE

Anjali Rajeev, Sony John Kutty, K. Ramkumar, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. B. A Viswanath
Aditya Bangalore Institute of Pharmacy Education And Research, #12 Behind annapoorneshwari Temple, Kogilu Main Road Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064.
 

Abstract

AIM: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the use of bronchodilator drugs by analyzing the appropriateness of the prescription. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational cross-sectional study on Drug Use Evaluation of Bronchodilators at a Private Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangalore was conducted at a 300 bedded tertiary care hospital. Data were collected through structured data collection form and analyzed using statistical methods. RESULTS: 150 patients were examined and male were found to be 61% and females were found to be 39%. 20% were found to be alcoholics, 19% were found to be smokers. Most patients were in age group of 60-80yrs (42%). In the study population most used medication is salbutamol+ipratropium nebulisation (41%). Most co-morbidity was lower respiratory tract infection with acute exacerbation of asthma (18%). Most used drug combination is salbutamol and ipratropium bromide is 31%. Most used concomitant drug is corticosteroid is 42%. Major route of administration of drug was nebulisation 51%. 17.3% of patient was suffering from mild disease condition, 39.33% of patient was suffering from moderate disease condition, and 44% of patient was suffering from severe condition of asthma/copd. 50% of prescription had interaction among prescribed drugs while 50% of prescription free of drug interaction.61% of prescription shows adherence to the guideline and 39% of prescription does not shows adherence to guideline.CONCLUSION:39% deviation from guidelines was observed in the treatment and reported to the study department and suggestions were given.

7

DRUG USE EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN THE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Kamal Pandey, Prithvi Bikram Thakur, K. RamKumar, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. B.A Vishwanath
Aditya Bangalore Institute for Pharmacy Education and Research.

Abstract

AIM: To assess the Drug use evaluation of antihypertensive drugs in Tertiary Care Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drug use utilization data of 200 Patients, attending inpatient department of Aster CMI Hospital for 6 month was collected from Patients Case Notes and prescriptions. This study is retrospective study. The data were analyzed to find out the demographic characteristics of the patient, number of drugs prescribed per patients, drugs which are commonly prescribed, mono therapy, combination therapy (two drug therapy, three drug therapies), route of drug administration, adherence with JNC VIII, drug treatment based on stages of hypertension, co-morbidities of patients. Patients suffering from hypertension with or without co-morbid conditions were included in the study. RESULTS: During the 6 months period of study 200 prescriptions for Hypertension were analyzed. Among 200 prescriptions most of the patients were Male (57%) while 43% were female and major age group having HTN was found to be 60-70 years (32%). Regarding co-morbidity 33.5% patients had HTN with DM. The study revealed that most of the patients were on combination of antihypertensive drugs (59%) while 41% patients received monotherapy. Mostly prescribed route of administration was oral route (96%). Among 200 prescription 24% prescriptions had drug interactions. Among 200 prescriptions 75% of prescriptions were found to be adhered with JNC VIII guidelines. CONCLUSION: 25% deviation from JNC VIII guidelines and 24% prescription had drug interaction was observed in the treatment with respect to selection of antihypertensive drugs.

8

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS USING ISOLATED NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE

Nishad Km1*, B. Arul2
1Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences and Research centre, Bhagwant University, Sikar road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India-305004.
2Vinayaka mission College of Pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

The present investigation was to isolate natural polymers like tamarind seed polysaccharide, followed by formulation of clarithromycin sustained release tablets. The polymer, drug and dug excipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies. The tablets were evaluated for in-process studies, in-vitro drug release studies in different PH solutions , kinetic and stability studies. FTIR studies shown that there is no interaction between drug and polymers. Clarithromycin is semi synthetic macrolide antibiotic used as anti bacterial agent. It is used for the treatment of H.pylori infection in peptic ulcer. The drug release from the optimized formulation was extended for 16 hours. The optimized formulation were subjected to stability studies. The study concluded that tamarind seed polysaccharide polymer is a very effective natural polymer with an advantage of it’s biodegradation as well as sustained release mechanism.

9

ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LONICERA QUINQUELOCULARIS LEAF ON WISTAR RATS

P. Seetaram1* G. Venkataiah2, Humera Naaz2
1KVK College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
2Dhanvanthri College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahabubnagar, T.S, India.
 

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-diabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of lonicera quinquelocularis leaf extract in albino wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of lonicera quinquelocularis leaf was prepared using 97% ethanol 72 hrs by maceration and concentrated. The dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg of the extract was used the study activity. The extract of 300mg/kg shown significant decreased blood glucose levels from 3h in acute study and the both doses started decreasing blood glucose level from the 1st day in sub-acute study. As for the results gained it is concluded that the ethanolic extract of lonicera quinquelocularis leaf shown the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins and also has a potent significant anti-diabetic activity in wistar rats. Further examination is required to identify, purify the individual phytochemical constituents and evaluate for the anti-diabetic activity in different models.

 
10

SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL TRIFLUOROMETHYL SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLO [3,4-B]PYRIDINE 6-ONE DERIVATIVES

Kailas R. Labhade1*, Madhukar N. Jachak1, Shivaji R. Labhade1, Avinash S.Kale2, Vishwas B. Gaikwad1
1Department of Chemistry, K.T.H.M. College, Gangapur Road, Nashik, 422002, Maharashtra, India (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University).
2Department of Microbiology, S.V.K.T. Arts, Science and Commerce College, Deolali Camp, Nashik, Maharashtra.

Abstract

A series of novel trifluoromethyl substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine -6 one derivatives have been synthesized using the catalytic amount of p-Toluene sulphonic acid in refluxing ethanol. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data elucidated the structures of the all newly synthesized compounds. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards C. albicans, F. solani, A. niger at various concentration. Results showed that majority of compounds have significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compound 4a and 4b found to have excellent antibacterial activity, while compound 4a and 4d have excellent antifungal activity.

11

SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF FENOFIBRATE: A REVIEW

Vidhi C. Murarka*, Shubham M. Pai, Purnima D. Amin
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai- 400019.

Abstract

The main objective of compiling this manuscript was to put forth the assorted methodologies applicable for augmenting the solubility and dissolution properties of one of the anti- hyperlipidemic drugs, fenofibrate (FBT). FBT is a drug of the fibrate class. It is a BCS Class 2 chemical entity having poor aqueous solubility (log P value = 5.24) and high gastro-intestinal [GI] permeability. To overcome this limitation various techniques have been introduced over the past few years viz. solid dispersions, derivatization, cyclodextrin complexation, microencapsulation, particle size reduction, self -microemulsifying drug delivery system [SMEDDS], solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs], mesoporous silica-based drug loading system, mesoporous carbon-based drug loading system, liposomes and microemulsion. This review speaks about the efficiency in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of FBT by the above listed methods as put forth by various researchers over the past few years and how methods like particle size reduction, SMEDDS and solid dispersions are efficient and industrially feasible.

12

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LORNOXICAM IN 0.75% W/V PVA SOLUTION

Bannaravuri Thireesha, Dr. Ayya Rajendra Prasad
Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India- 522503.

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to develop sensitive, simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of lornoxicam, an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug present in0.75% w/v PVA solution. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 6–18 μg ml-1with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9997. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated based on intra-day and inter-day variations. The accuracy of the method was further confirmed by standard addition procedure. This developed method is useful for the determination of un entrapped lornoxicam present in 0.75% w/v PVA solution, which is used as external phase in the preparation of micro sponges or micropartciles in quasi - emulsion solvent diffusion method.

13

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LORNOXICAM IN PH 7.4 PHOSPHATE BUFFER

Dr. Ayya Rajendra Prasad, Bannaravuri Thireesha
Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India- 522503.
 

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to develop sensitive, simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of lornoxicam, an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in pH7.4 phosphate buffer. This developed method is useful for the determination of in vitro drug release fromoral controlled release dosage forms. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 6–14 μg ml-1with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9992. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated based on intra-day and inter-day variations. The accuracy of the method was further confirmed by standard addition procedure. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of lornoxicam in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer which is used as a dissolution medium.

14

STUDY ON PRESCRIPTION PATTEN OF ANTIBIOTICS ON BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN A TERTARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Dr. Stimson Jose1, Dr. Eldho Mathew Paul1, Dr. Benson Koshy1, Dr. Basvanthappa SP2, Dhivya Jose3
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, SJM College of Pharmacy, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
2Department of Pediatrics, BMCH & RC, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
3Department of Pharmacy Practice, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Kerala, India.

Abstract

Bronchopneumonia is the inflammatory condition of the lung which mainly affects the alveoli, the microscopic air sacs. It is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present observational study aims to identify antibiotic prescription patterns and the average hospital duration of the paediatric inpatients in the department. A total of 120 inpatients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The Current diagnosis, treatment chart, length of hospital stay on admission to discharge were recorded and analyzed. In this study males are more as compared to females with similar severity of illness and the maximum number of patients (45%) comes under the age group of 12-24 months. Study states that the maximum number of patients (58.33%) admitted with severe pneumonia followed by very severe and mild pneumonia. We also observed that most of the patients (42.4%) stayed in the hospital for a period of 6-8 days and majority of them was on dual drug therapy. We also found that cephalosporin’s are the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for the management of bronchopneumonia, mostly given by intravenous route and Prescriptions are mainly ordered in Brand names. The present study provides an overall pattern of antibiotic usage in patients admitted with bronchopneumonia.

15

STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND Boerhavia diffusa FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Thorat Rinku D, Joshi Yadhunath M*, Garge Vaibhavi N.
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, C.B.D, Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Abstract

The present study was aimed at evaluation of pharmacodynamic interaction between Diclofenac sodium powder and Punarnava capsules containing Boerhavia diffusa extract using carrageenan induced rat paw edema for anti-inflammatory activity. Boerhavia diffusa (Nyctaginaceae) is one of the significant indigenous medicinal plants with a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity. The medicative value of this herb has been reported for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, anti-diabetic and diuretic properties. The inflammation induced with the help of carrageenan in hind paw of albino rats was measured using plethysmometer. For this activity treatment groups received disease control induced 1% Carrageenan (0.1 ml), Diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg), Boerhavia diffusa 200mg/kg and combination group Diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg) with Boerhavia diffusa (200mg/kg) .The anti-inflammatory activity is more effective in Group II Carrageenan induction with oral administration of Diclofenac sodium of 10mg/kg/i.p. compared to Group IV Carrageenan is subcutaneously induced along with the oral administration of combination of Diclofenac sodium of 10mg/kg/ip with Boerhavia diffusa of 200mg/kg/i.p.

16

A MASS-SPECTROMETRIC 96-WELL PLATE ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MIRABEGRON IN HUMAN PLASMA FOR THE APPLICATION IN PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES.

Prashant Kale1,2*, Y. K. Agrawal1
1Department of Research and Development, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, India.
2Lambda Therapeutic Research Limited, India.

Abstract

A purpose was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, high throughput LC-MS/MS method for quantification of mirabegron in human plasma. Mirabegron is a selective agonist for human beta 3-adrenoceptor. The method involves solid-phase 96 well plate extraction using mirabegron-d5 as an internal standard (ISTD). Chromatographic separation was achieved on Unisol C18 3μ 100Ǻ 4.6 X 100mm column with a mobile phase consist of 0.1% ammonia solution (v/v) and methanol (40:60 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min and the total run time was 4.0 min. Detection was carried out through positive electro-spray ionization mode by multiplexing of two product ions. Finally the method was developed with the lower limit of quantification as low as 0.1 ng/ml. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and stability. All the results were within the pre defined acceptance criteria. The method is ready to use in a pharmacokinetic studies.

17

TIME KILL CURVE FOR EVALUATION OF RELATIVE EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTICS IN SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS & DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

Thakur Sajan Singh*1, Mrs. Richa Saxena1, Dr. Indu Kapur2, Sai Krishna Paritala1, Pravallika Rapolu1, Mounica Bondalapati1
1Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
2Malla Reddy Hospital, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana, India.

Abstract

Background: A surgical site infection or SSI, is an infection of a wound developed from surgery which may affect either closed wounds or wounds that were left open to heal whereas, diabetic foot ulcers are caused by neuropathic (nerve) and vascular (blood vessel) complications of the disease. Treatment of wound site infections needs a multidimensional approach, includes the right choice of antibiotic, the cleanliness of wound site, choice of topical agent, rate of bacterial killing, plasma drug concentration(PDC) at site of infection and in diabetic cases glycemic control. Antibiotic therapy plays the most important role in management of wound site infections; the choice is made by performing culture sensitivity. The killing effect of an antimicrobial agent can be expressed as the rate of killing a fixed concentration of drug under controlled conditions. The resulting graphic depiction is known as "Time kill curve". Objectives: To determine 3log phase decrease between growth control and antibiotic serial dilutions and selecting drug of choice and also to compare 100 fold decrease between growth control and antibiotic plus add on therapy and further establishing time kill curve, by plotting CFU on Y-axis and time on X-axis. Method: It’s an Observational and Comparative study carried out for 6 months, designed to study different antibiotics effect on 35 patients at different concentrations. Results: Viable colonies from those dilutions containing 5-50CFU were counted. The colony counts were multiplied with dilution factor to obtain CFU per milliliter. The results were tabulated as CFU per milliliter (y-axis) vs time (x-axis) on semi-log paper (CFU per milliliter can be converted to log10values).The antimicrobial agent concentration that showed 3log10CFU/ml fold decrease when compared with the growth control was determined. The time when the 3log10CFU/ml fold decrease occurred when compared with the growth control was determined. Conclusions: According to Time-Kill Curve we can conclude that Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid is effective on Escherichia coli, Amikacin is effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ampicillin + Ciprofloxacin is effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Ampicillin + Sulbactam is effective on Klebsiella pneumonia. Time-Kill Curve method may be employed to establish the log phase difference in killing effect by the desired groups of antibiotics and therefore the Antibiotic that shows the highest log phase difference can be the selected as drug of choice to treat the condition.

18

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIFIDEPINE MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET BY SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUE

Mr. Hemant D. Patil, Mr. Sachin S. Rane, Prof. (Dr.) Rajesh Y. Chaudhari, Prof. (Dr.) Vijay R. Patil
T.V.E.S.’s Hon. L. M. C. College of Pharmacy, Faizpur- 425 503, Dist-Jalgaon, (M.S.), India.

Abstract

Nifedipine, the prototype of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel antagonists which used to treat Prinzmetal's angina, hypertension and other vascular disorders by blocking the calcium channels. In such cases, mouth dissolving dosage forms will be an effective solution for patient compliance and efficient medicine regimen. In the present research, mouth dissolving tablet of Nifedipine was made using various tabletiing aids. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight, thickness, hardness, friability with disintegration time of less than 30 seconds and drug dissolution of about 75% achieved within 30 minutes. The prepared tablets were stability tested at 40°C having 75% Relative Humidity for 3 months and were found to be stable. Prepared mouth dissolving tablets of Nifedipine 10 mg was found to be bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions.

19

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL NASAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF RHINITIS

Vaishali Potnis*, Manoj Kashid, Suchita Dhamne, Nitin Mogal
JSPM’s Jayawantrao Sawant College of Pharmacy and Research, Pune-411 028.

Abstract

The fast rate of urbanization, has considerably elevated the prevalence of upper respiratory tract diseases, especially that of allergic rhinitis (AR).More than 10-30 % of the population, world-wide, is found to be affected by AR. Conventional therapy of AR is dominated by oral dosage forms of H1 blocker anti-histaminic agents and nasal decongestants while the use of steroids is reserved only for severe and non-responsive cases. Frequent administration of these agents, the severity of their side effects, significantly contributes to poor compliance by the patients. In view of this, an in-situ gelling nasal system for combined and sustained delivery of Deslorantadine (DSL), a third generation antihistaminic and Phenylephrine hydrochloride, α1-adrenergic blocker has been designed. The mechanism employed for sustained release of APIS is based on in- situ transition of trigger sensitive polymeric solutions, into more viscous and muco-adhesive gel in the nasal passage. The sol and gel phases of the formulations were characterized for pH, viscosity, muco-adhesive strength, contents and diffusion profiles of APIs. The formulation CP4H1K1DP, based on pH sensitive carbomer, possessed superior gelling characteristics, physiologically acceptable pH range, muco-adhesive strength (5865 dynes/cm2) and prolonged diffusion (in-vitro) over 6 hrs. The key stability parameters of this formulation were unaffected during the storage over 30 days, suggesting its suitability as an alternative to the existing treatment options for AR.

20

ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS: A PROFICIENT DRUG DELIVERANCE TOOL FOR ALL AGE’S PATIENTS

Ajay Aseri*1,2, Pradeep Kumar1,2, Sandeep Bhatia1,2 , Shiv Garg1
1Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari, Jaipur-302039, Rajasthan, India.
2Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Abstract

Oral route is most expedient, financially viable, secure route of drug administration with excellent patient compliance. Orodispersible drug delivery Systems was an progression that gain limelight in early 1970’s and rule over the use of long-established oral dosage forms such as conventional tablets, syrups, capsules. These Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) are new-fangled tablets have acceptance by geriatric, bedridden , young patients particularly suffering with dysphagia, tremors problems, unconscious and paediatric patients at higher extent now days. It gets readily dissolve or disintegrate in the saliva less than a minute and no necessitate of water to swallow. This review contribute various Desired characteristics, advantages, limitations, Biopharmaceutical consideration/ Biotransformation, Release mechanism of drug, Patient’s counselling, drug candidates for ODTs, formulation aspects; Fillers, Super-disintegrate (Synthetic /Natural) employed, Co-processed excipients, Taste camouflaging agents/taste modifiers, Patented technologies developed for ODTs, Commercially authorized ODTs Holders.

21

A REVIEW ON MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME OF CORONAVIRUS

Ch.Venkata Rohit Kumar*, Satyanarayana.V, J.N.Suresh Kumar
Narasaraopeta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narasaraopet, Guntur (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India, 522601.

Abstract

The goal of this article is to provide with the most up to date information regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, management, imaging finding related to Middle East respiratory syndrome of corona viruse. The common symptoms are mainly cough, common cold, severe respiratory illness, fever affected seriously with the infection. The most human corona viruses are HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, bat corona viruses HKU4 and HKU5 related to the MERS-CoV. The pathogenesis of MERS-CoV shows MAPK (Mitogen activated protein kinase) & apoptosis pathways. The confirmation of diagnosis is CDC. The management of mono therapy is ribavirin, chloroquine & corticosteroids oral dosing for in vitro MERS-CoV.

22

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MICELLAR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF COBICISTAT AND ELVITEGRAVIR IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Pulagurtha Bhaskararao*, Gowri Sankar Dannana
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India-530 003.

Abstract

The proposed method was carried out using on an Agilent Zorbax C18 (5μm, 15cm X 4.6mm) column. The composition of Mobile phase containing 0.05 M sodium lauryl sulphate and methanol (95:5 v/v) pH adjusted to 1.84 with orthophosphoric acid, is reported for the simultaneous estimation of Cobicistat & Elvitegravir in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. Operated on isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min along with 20 μl injection volume. Quantization was achieved by HPLC-UV detection at 265 nm. The developed method is validated over a concentration range 2.45 – 24.55 μg/mL for Elvitigravir & 2.52 – 25.22 μg/mL for Cobicistat. The linearity regression coefficient values were found (r2 >0.99).The method is validated as per ICH Guidelines. the proposed developed method was found to be accurate, precisely, reproducible and specific and can be successfully applied for the quantitative estimation of elvitegravir and cobicistat pharmaceutical formulations and routine analysis in quality control part.

23

SYNTHESIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NEW 1, 5-BENZOTHIAZEPINES USING LANTHANUM NITRATE AS A CATALYST

Bushra Ahmed Kateb1,2, Abdulkareem Ali Hussien1,2, M. A. Basser*1
1Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431602 (MS) ,India.
2Hodiedah University, Education College, Yemen.

Abstract

We applied simple and convenient procedure for the synthesis of optically active1,5- benzothiazepine derivatives by reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with newly synthesized Chalcones under mild conditions in the presence of catalytic amount of Lanthanum Nitrate in short reaction time with excellent yield(75-85%). The compounds (4a-l) were tested for purity by TLC and characterized by M.P, IR and 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus gram +ve, Escherichia coli gram –ve Bacillus subtilis gram +ve, Salmonella typhi gram –ve, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus oryzoe, Aspergillus niger, using disc diffusion method. The compounds show the moderate to good activity against bacteria and fungui.

24

PERSPECTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEUCAS ASPERA: AN INDIGENOUS PLANT SPECIES

Suganthi Nagarasan1, M. Boominathan2*
1Marudhupandiyar College, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
2Government Arts College (Men), Kumbakonam- 612 002, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract

The leaves of Leucas aspera which was belonging to the family Lamiaceae has distributed throughout the South Asia. It was used traditionally as insecticide and antipyretic. It has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. This species has some phytochemicals such as hydroxytetratriacontan-4- one, aliphatic ketones, nicotine, farnesene, thujene, and menthol. In the present study we clearly investicate the invitro activity of Leucas aspera against bacteria, fungi and oxidative stress. Our research reveals that the alcoholic extracts shows maximum inhibitory effect against various bacteria and fungi. In addition to that we proved that these extracts also has antioxidant activity.

25

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND FLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF POSACONAZOLE IN DOSAGE FORM AND SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA

Maha A. Sultan1, Maha M. Abou El-Alamin1, Mostafa A. Atia1*, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein2
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
2Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki 12311, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Highly sensitive, simple and economic spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of posaconazole (POS) in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma through solvent solvent extraction technique. The proposed methods are based on measuring the absorbance of the drug in methanol at 262 nm and the native fluorescence intensity in isopropanol at 378 nm after excitation at 262 nm. The absorbance –concentration plot and fluorescence intensity-concentration plot were rectilinear over the range 0.612-17.500 μg/ml and 22-550 ng/ml with a lower detection limit of 0.202 μg/ml for the spectrophotometric and 7 ng/ml for the fluorimetric analysis and the mean percent recovery were found to be 100.192 and 100.002 for spectrophotometric and fluorimetric techniques respectively. Both methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and showed good accuracy and precision with no significant difference compared with the reported HPLC method. It can be concluded that these methods can be used for determination of POS in dosage form and spiked human plasma.

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EVALUATION OF ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF ANOGEISSUS LATIFOLIA.

Narayanan Nikhitha, Garge Vaibhavi N, Kadam Vilasrao J.
Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, C. B. D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai – 400614.

Abstract

Chick Embryo Chorio Allantoic Membrane [CAM] is an extra embryonic membrane used mainly for gas exchange and transport of calcium from the egg shells to the embryo during its development. It is used to study new blood vessel formation and its inhibition in response to tissues, cells or soluble factors such as antibodies. CAM is broadly used in oncology, biology, pharmacy and tissue regeneration research. There are 46 morphologically distinct stages of chick development beginning with a freshly laid egg and ending with a fully developed and hatched chick. These stages help provide consistency and coordination between the various areas that use the chick embryo model. It is a novel technique to facilitate the discovery and development of newer drugs, circumventing the use of animals. Due to its ease of availability, extensive vascularisation, and immuno deficient environment, it is used to study morpho functional aspects of angiogenesis process in vivo. Progress in imaging and chick culture technologies is advancing real-time visualization of dynamic biological events. Cell line studies have attained utmost importance due to advanced technologies and are used as an alternative to animal experiments. Jurkat cells derived from T Lymphocyte have been developed to provide a link between the Immunomodulatory and anti angiogenic aspect of the drug. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-angiogenetic activity of crude extract of Anogeissus latifolia using chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and cell line models. Direct drug injection and disc impregnation methods were followed for chick embryo. Sulphorhodamine B assay was followed for cell line study. Reduction in the blood vessel branching was observed in chorio allantoic membrane and reduction in cell number was observed for cell line studies indicating that the drug possess anti angiogenic activity.

27

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND POSSIBLE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF Citrus limonum METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT

Atluri Bhavana*, P. Shilpa, G. Naveen, G. Laxmi, N. Varalaxmi, T. Satyanarayana
Mother Teresa Pharmacy College, Sathupally, Khammam Dt, Telangana, Pin :507303.

Abstract

Plants are important for their medicinal value because they contain numerous compounds with therapeutic value. Is widely used in traditional system of medicine. Citrus limonum is screened for antimicrobial activity and antihelminthic. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of leaf extract was determined by well method. The methanolic leaf extract had showed significant antibacterial activity at 100 μg/ml on E.coli when compared to that of standard drug streptomycin. In case of antifungal activity the zone of inhibition is not seen at any concentrations of 25 μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 75μg/ml and100μg/ml of the leaf extract. The present activity also includes anthelminthic activity performed on methanolic extracts concentrations at 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml & 50 mg/ml of leaf extract Citrus limonum by using pheretima posthuma as test worms. The time paralysis and time of death were studied and the activity was compared with piperzine citrate as reference standard. Dose dependent activity was observed in the extracts. This study provides an explicit perception about the presence of portion (leaf), to which one has more number of phytochemicals. The methanolic extract of the leaf of Citrus limonum revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, volatile oils, tannins are present.

28

LOCAL INFILTRATION TECHNIQUE IN UNILATERAL TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT

Ardeshna A Nishita1, Bashwanth Pasupulati1, Dr. Basavaraj CM2, Dr. Vinay Pawar2
1PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore.
2BGS Global Hospital, Bangalore.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The most effective treatment for osteoarthritis is TKR and THR but sizeable patient experience chronic pain causing discomfort. There has been shift in the usage of local anesthesia technique (LIA) over the general anesthesia in orthopedic surgeries mainly TKR. Pain control is important post surgery which includes opioid use, and other analgesics. LIA technique has taken increased focus due to early rehabilitation in patients with TKR and THR. METHOD: It was prospective, non-interventional and observational study. RESULTS: Outcomes were assessed with regards to the pain score and analgesic use post LIA. Patients with this technique experienced early mobilization and better pain control after surgery. There was decreased in the opioid usage and increased patient satisfaction. Break-through pain was also found to have decreased with LIA comparatively with only analgesic usage. CONCLUSION: The use of preoperative patient education as an important component in their fast-track recovery program. LIA protocol can achieve meaningful results and can be easily implemented both in tertiary care centers & community hospitals.

29

FORMULATION AND STASTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF PEPTIDE LOADED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES

Dipti Desai1*, Dr. Dushyant Shah2
1Pioneer Pharmacy Degree College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
2APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Himatnagar, Gujarat, India.

Abstract

The present work was aimed to study effect of amount of polymer, surfactant concentration and volume of organic phase on Particle size and %entrapment efficiency. The response surface methodology based on a three-level, three-variable Box - Behnken design was used to evaluate the interactive effects on dependent variables. Vasopressin loaded nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method, using mixture of PLGA and PCL, as biodegradable carrier. The study showed that Particle size and Entrapment efficiency both are greatly influenced by amount of polymer as independent factor. Surfactant concentration also contributes to reduced particle size at significant level. Though volume of organic phase showed negative attribute towards entrapment efficiency. The formulation was optimized by selecting constraints of minimum particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency. Optimized batch of nanoparticles was characterized for various parameters. SEM confirms spherical shape of nanoparticles; showed initial burst release with prolonged drug release, followed Higuchi model indicated controlled delivery of drug that can be associated for reducing the frequency of drug administration for better patient compliance.

30

CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN CANCER CELLS

Mangala S.N1, Ganga Vani. V1, Keerthi.N.L1, Dr. K.N. Geetha1, Dr.Senthil Duraiswamy2
1Department of Biotechnology, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University Bangalore 562 110.
2G7 Synergon Pvt.Ltd. Bangalore.

Abstract

The present study is aimed to investigate the cytoxicity and antiproliferative activities of the 6 Indian medicinal plants namely Pavonia odorata, Gardenia latifolia, Canthium dicoccum, Limonia monophylla, Bridelia roxburghiana and Wrightia tinctoria. The above plants were extracted with methanol using a soxhlet apparatus. These various extracts were evaluated in vitro using cancer cell lines like HL-60, Calu-6 and Colo-205. MTT, wound healing and cell cycle analysis in vitro assays were performed. The results revealed that the plants Pavonia odorata and Wrightia tinctoria possessed cytotoxic activity and antiproliferating activity.

31

EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Sapindus emarginatus Vahl FRUIT EXTRACTS

Afzal Nazneen*, Nerella Mounika, P. Chandramohan, K. Baikuntha Prusty
Department of Pharmacology, Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy Urus, Kareembad, Warangal- 566002, Telangana.

Abstract

Sapindus emarginatus is important indigenous plant with lots of traditional importance belongs to family sapindaceae. It is commonly called as Soap nut tree which is found in most of the hilly regions of India. It possesses various activities such as surfactant, mild detergent, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, CNS, emetic, hair tonic, nasal insufflations. The aim of the present work is to extract chemical constituents and perform the anti-epileptic and anti convulsant activity. Phytochemical screening of the Sapindus emarginatus extracts showed the presence alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, saponins fixed oils & fats. In the present study, the results showed that the test compound significantly decreased the Ach in rat’s brain .Whereas the AchE level decrease in brain during epileptic seizures the results showed that the test compound significantly increased AchE in rat brain. Test compound at the doses of 300mg/kg significantly increased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase on rat brain.

32

INCIDENTAL DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION AND RELATED RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL HYDERABAD

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal1, Dr. Syed Fasih Ahmed Hashmi2, Dr. Abdul Ghaffar Memon2
1FCPS Associate Professor Medicine Department of LUMHS.
2FCPS Associate Professor Cardiology Department of LUMHS.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim behind this study is to scientifically assess the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension and also see the associated risk factors. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted in the departments of General Medicine and Cardiology, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad with duration of from 15th April 2012 - 4th November 2014. 1533 participants between the ages of 25 to 75 years either gender, who were not previously diagnosed as diabetes (T2DM) or hypertension were then evaluated for diagnosis and associated risk factors. RESULTS: A total 1533 patients were enrolled with mean and SD of age was 46.51 ± 13.77years. Most of the patients were married (71.6%) with a male predominance (53.03%). The overall incidence of T2DM and hypertension among 1533 subjects were found to have 12.98% and 23.54%, respectively. Incident diagnosis of Hypertension and T2DM was significantly associated among middle aged group (≥41 – 55 years), weight ≥65kg, BMI of ≥24.99, those who smoke cigarettes, and people with outdoor eating habits, p value <0.05. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that hypertension is comparatively more prevalent than T2DM but they share almost the same risk factors.

33

EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTENSIVE AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PROPERTIES OF AN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MIMOSA INVISA MART EX. COLLA (FABACEAE) IN RABBIT

IRIE BI Jean Severin*, ABO Kouakou Jean Claude, MEA Arsene, KAHOU BI Gohi Parfait
Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouet Boigny University, Cocody 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22.

Abstract

Mimosa invisa Mart ex. Colla (Fabaceae) is a plant used by the traditherapeuts in arterial hypertension treatment. The pharmacological study of an aqueous extract of this plant (Miv) on the rabbit blood pressure, shows that, for varying dose of 10-1 to 30 mg/kg BW, this extract provokes a dose-dependent hypotension. Consequently, Miv is a hypotensive substance. Moreover, the hypertension caused by adrenalin with the dose of 5.10-4 mg/kg BW is reduced significatively (P < 0,001) in dose-dependent way and even is cancelled by Miv injection in rabbits with the varying doses from 5 to 30 mg/kg BW. Therefore, Miv is also an antihypertensive substance which opposes to the effects of activation of β-adrenergic receptors by adrenalin. The hypotensive and antihypertensive properties of Miv are consolidated by the characterization in the phytochemical screening of this extract, of the metabolites such as the flavonoid, polyphenols, coumarins and the anthocyans which are famously being known for their antihypertensive effects. The hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of Mimosa invisa (Fabaceae) aqueous extract consequently justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the arterial hypertension treatment.

34

ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF DATURA STRAMONIUM (FLOWERS)

A. Rajeshkanna1*, D. Prabhakaran2, M. M. Senthamilselvi3, N. Muruganantham4, S. Solomon5
1Department of Chemistry, Ananda College, Devakottai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd., Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu, India.
3Joint Director of Collegiate Education, Tiruchirappalli Region, Tamil Nadu, India.
4Department of Chemistry, Roever Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
5Department of Chemistry, Periyar E.V.R.College (Autonomous), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Medicinal plants cure many diseases associated with inflammation like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the sample isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Datura stramonium. Anti-inflammatory activity of the sample was determined by HRBC membrane stabilization and Albumin denaturation methods. Anti-oxidant activity of the sample was determined by DPPH assay and ABTS method. The results of the study suggest that the sample isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

35

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUG KETOPROFEN

Annanya Gangopadhyay*, Shubhrajit Mantry, C.Soundrapandian
Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, Rangpo, East Sikkim -737136, India.

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to formulate the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system by using Cinnamon oil, Cremephore RH 40, PEG 600, Ethanol as oil phase, surfactant, co-surfactant, and co-solvent of poorly water soluble (BCS Class II type) drug ketoprofen. Aerosil 200 was used as an adsorbing agent and convert liquid form to solid form and develop S-SEDDS by adsorption to solid carrier technique. The main objective of study was to prepared S-SEDDS of ketoprofen on the basis of preformulation study like solubility study, pseudo ternary phase diagram, standard curve preparation and FTIR study in order to achieve a better dissolution rate which would further help in enhancing absorption and oral bioavailability. The solubility of Ketoprofen was determined in several oils, surfactants and co-surfactants using an UV method. For stable SEDDS, micro-emulsion region was identified by constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram containing different portion of surfactant: co-surfactant (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), oil and water. Four Solid and Liquid SEDDS were prepared by selecting different proportions from self-micro emulsifying region and evaluated for their self-dispersibility, thermodynamic stability of emulsion, micromeritic property, drug content, in-vitro drug release study. The formulation was found to show a significant improvement in the drug release from powered drug ketoprofen. Drug release from S-SEDDS (F3) is 98.1536 % in 6 hrs. and the conventional release self-emulsifying formulations followed first order release kinetics model.

36

SCREENING OF RASA MEZHUGU FOR ANALGESIC ACTIVITY

Dr. K. Nandhagopal*, Dr. M. Kanniyakumari
Sri Santhigiri Siddha Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala-695589, India.

Abstract

Inflammation is the response to injury of cells and body tissues through different factors such as infections, chemicals, and thermal and mechanical process. COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms contribute to mucosal defense. Selective COX-2 inhibitors elicit less GI damage and bleeding than conventional NSAIDs. The current research focus is to develop less toxic drugs as early as feasible in the disease process. The present study was carried out to investigate the analgesic activity of Rasa Mezhugu (500mg/kg) in 2 % CMC against the standard drug Diclofenac sodium using acetic acid induce writhing in rats to create pain sensation. No other toxic symptoms were observed in any of the dose treated animals. The Writhing method was followed to evaluate the analgesic property of Rasa Mezhugu and the results revealed that it has statistically significant (P<0.01) analgesic activity by relieving painful conditions.

37

A NEW ANALYTICAL HPLC METHOD FOR CLEANING VALIDATION OF PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM BULK DRUG PRODUCT

G. Kumar1, T. B. Patrudu2*, Tentu. Nageswara Rao1, M. V. Basaveswara Rao1
1Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, A.P., India.
2Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India.

Abstract

The analytical method has been developed to evaluate the efficacy of the cleaning procedure of all the equipment involved in the production of final active ingredients. The choice of the methodology is based upon the production method and on the intrinsic properties of the products. For this validation HPLC method has been chosen. The HPLC chromatographic separations were achieved on (100×4.6 mm), 3.5μm make: Phenomenex column employing acetonitrile and 0.5% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution in the ratio of 35:65 as mobile phase with flow rate 0.6 mL/min was chosen. The column temperature was maintained at 30oC and a detector wavelength of 220 nm was employed. The method was successfully validated by establishing System Suitability, Specificity, Linearity, Accuracy, and limit of detection and Limit of quantification for Pantoprazole Sodium. The average recoveries of swab and rinse samples (using three different concentrations) more than 90%.