The aim of the study is evaluation of anti-hypertensive drug prescription pattern according to Joint National Committee-8, assessment of medication adherence and drug related problem in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objectives of the study is to evaluate the prescribing pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs in type 2 diabetic patients according to JNC-8 guidelines, to assess medication adherence to treatment, to assess major drug-drug interactions, and to assess drug inappropriateness. A prospective and hospital based study was conducted on in-patients admitted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Data regarding patient’s demographic details, diagnosis, complete prescription, and any other information will be collected in a predesigned pro forma. The study reveals that males (58%) were more likely to have reported with hypertension and diabetes. Among all medications the major class of drugs prescribed were calcium channel blockers (44.48%) and diuretics (32.65%). The most common anti-hypertensive drugs prescribed were amlodipine (43.67%), Lasix (27.75%). Out of 339 drug-drug interactions, 53(4.61%) were major, 906 (78.85%) were moderate and 190(16.53%) were minor. Morisky medication adherence scale analysis showed fair adherence to the treatment. The present study concluded that the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs showed less adherence to current JNC-8 guideline. However, further studies are needed to identify the rationale in the prescribing pattern. The study also tried to depict the drug related problems in the patients. Hence, the study reveals a lot of potential for pharmaceutical care services and the relevance of having clinical pharmacist on the wards to access patients drug- related needs. 

Polymers are widely used in the delivery of drugs due to their superior properties and mass. They are used in the manufacture of drugs and in drug delivery devices. These drug delivery devices may be in the form of controlled drug delivery plants. The polymers used in colloidal drug delivery systems, consisting of small particles, show significant benefits in drug delivery systems due to improved drug loading and release properties. Polymeric nano particulate systems are available in many varieties and form chemicals. Non-toxic, decaying and biocompatible polymers are available. Some nano particulate polymeric systems have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. They provide protection from chemical damage. Smart polymers react to stimulus in the atmosphere as temperature changes; pressure, pH etc. therefore they are very beneficial in targeted drug delivery. Some polymeric systems combined with certain antibodies / biomarkers help in the targeting of specific molecules especially in cancer. More coated with thi-olated PEG, Silica-PEG improves water solubility and image stability. Rehabilitation of drug carriers e.g. PEG or dextran attachments to the lipid bilayer increase their blood circulation time. Polymer compounds such as Zoladex, Lupron Depot, On Caspar PEG intron are used to treat prostate cancer and lymphoblastic leukemia. Polymeric drug delivery systems are used for controlled drug delivery that ensures patient compliance. 

The aim of the study is to assess the Drug Prescribing Pattern, Drug Interaction and Evaluation of Medication Adherence among Smoking and Non-smoking Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. The primary objectives of the study is to access the drug prescribing pattern, and to determine various etiologies in non-smoker COPD patients.This study identifies drug interactions based on their severity and medication adherence in smoker and non-smoker patients. A Prospective, Observational and Hospital based study was conducted on patients admitted in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 months.Data regarding patient’s demographic details, the prescription of the patient who are treated during the course of the study are audited prospectively using a specifically predesigned proforma. The study reveals that males(51.33%) were more likely to have COPD in which majority of patients were nonsmoker (68%)above 60 years of age. Among all medications the major class of drugs prescribed were Antibiotics, Bronchodilator,Corticosteroids and least were Antitussives. The present study concluded that proportion of nonsmoker COPD patients are higher than smokers due to multiple risk factor in which outdoor air pollution was the most leading factor. Most of the patients have low motivation and low knowledge.The major reasons for medication non-compliance were felt better and stopped, forget to take and refill. The study also reveals improving medication adherence among individuals with COPD is critical to optimising patient outcomes. By providing effective counselling, medication adherence to the treatment can be achieve

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate a novel tablet excipient obtained from local sources, Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch of family Poaceae which is used locally as food because of its high carbohydrate content. It was thought that the starch of Pearl millet Pannistum americanum may serve as a tablet disintegrant. Methods: The excipient properties of Pearl millet starch as well as the pregelatinized form were studied in paracetamol tablets produced by wet and dry granulation methods of massing and screening and compared with maize starch BP.Results: Wet method showed superiority in all properties of both granules and tablets. Using wet method granulations Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch and maize starch BP have similar angle of repose, Carr’s index, tapped density, bulk density, and Hausner’s ratio, however, Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch has shown advantageous in some properties such as moisture content and swelling index. Tablet produced with Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch disintegrated almost the same of those produced with maize starch BP at all concentrations employed. It was also found that when used as a disintegrant, the pre-gelatinized form provide tablets with better hardness and friability values than maize starch BP.Conclusion: This study confirmed the suitability of Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch as an alternative to maize starch BP as a tablet disintegrant, particularly, in Diclofenac sodium tablet formulation. 

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate a novel tablet excipient obtained from local sources, Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch of family Poaceae which is used locally as food because of its high carbohydrate content. It was thought that the starch of Pearl millet Pannistum americanum may serve as a tablet disintegrant. Methods: The excipient properties of Pearl millet starch as well as the pregelatinized form were studied in paracetamol tablets produced by wet and dry granulation methods of massing and screening and compared with maize starch BP.Results: Wet method showed superiority in all properties of both granules and tablets. Using wet method granulations Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch and maize starch BP have similar angle of repose, Carr’s index, tapped density, bulk density, and Hausner’s ratio, however, Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch has shown advantageous in some properties such as moisture content and swelling index. Tablet produced with Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch disintegrated almost the same of those produced with maize starch BP at all concentrations employed. It was also found that when used as a disintegrant, the pre-gelatinized form provide tablets with better hardness and friability values than maize starch BP.Conclusion: This study confirmed the suitability of Pearl millet Pannistum americanum starch as an alternative to maize starch BP as a tablet disintegrant, particularly, in Diclofenac sodium tablet formulation. 

The purpose of present research work is to mask the bitter taste of the drug fluconazole, by using ion exchange resin. Fluconazole is an imidazole derivative, used for the topical as well as systemic fungal infections. The bioavailability of fluconazole is 90%. In the present study, an attempt was made to mask the bitter taste of fluconazole for good compliance of drug. The compatibility of resin and drug was determined by FTIR analysis. Total six formulations (DRC-1, DRC-2, DRC-3, DRC-4, DRC-5 and DRC-6) were developed by using suitable resins (Kyron T-114, Tulsion-334 and Tulsion-335). The fluconazole was identified by analysis UV spectroscopy analysis. The compatibility of fluconazole with the resins was determined with FTIR analysis. Drug-resin compatibility by FT-IR showed no interaction between drug and selected resins. Various formulations (DRC-1, DRC-2, DRC-3, DRC-4, DRC-5 and DRC-6) were developed by using suitable resins (Kyron T-114, Tulsion-334 and Tulsion-335). The DRC were evaluated for various standard tests as per pharmacopoeia like appearance, uniformity of weight, thickness, hardness, friability and taste masking. All the DRCs observed for various parameters and results concluded that DRC-4 shows better results as compare the all the formulations, it show 98% loading dose, %CDR 89.36% and better taste masking. 

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug which can cause severe nausea during treatment to relieve the patient from nausea and vomiting effects we selected palonosetron drug. So we prepared and evaluated Bilayered tablets containing Doxorubicin SR and palonosetron IR layered tablets by wet granulation method. A new analytical method has been developed to estimate the doxorubicin and palonosetron and validated for the use in this study. The prepared formulations evaluated for physiochemical properties and found to be within limits. The optimized formulation F6 (palonosetron IR) contains the average thickness of 2.52±0.54 average hardness of 4.3±0.21, average weight of 151±0.06, friability of 0.41% and disintegration time 2min 30sec.The prepared dry mixer for the sustained release maintained the physiochemical properties of tablets such as thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability. The optimized formulation F5 (doxorubicin SR) contains the average thickness of 3.44±0.21average hardness of 7.1±0.55, friability of 0.31%. The F5 formulation which releases the doxorubicin in sustained manner in up to 12 hours and Palonosetron immediate release F6 formulation showed 98% drug release with in 60min. both optimised formulations are compressed together to prepare bilayer tablets and dissolution data of bilayer tablet proved there is no change in drug release profile, and FTIR studies proved no interaction between polymers and drug hence successful in developing bilayer tablet of doxorubicin and palonosetron.