The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pineapple and pomegranate juices on CYP2C9 mediated metabolism of glimepiride  invitro using human liver microsomes. The addition of 10 µl (5% v/v) of pineapple juice resulted in almost complete inhibition. On the other hand pomegranate juice had less CYP2C9 inhibitory capacity. At concentrations 0.5% v/v the percentage inhibition was 60.34% and at 1.5% v/v it was 29.42% for pineapple juice. Similarly for pomegranate juice, at concentrations 0.5% v/v the percentage inhibition was 74.06% and at 1% v/v it was 53.98%. The invitro findings suggested the competitive nature of inhibition as Km was increased (49.45 µMole) and Vmax (0.510 µMole/min/mg protein) almost remained unaffected for pineapple juice. Similarly for pomegranate juice Km was increased (33.47µMole) and Vmax (0.503µMole/min/mg protein)almost remained unaffected.

Natural medicine, especially from herbs, is the source for the research of various novel medicinal compounds. Drugs from herbal origin must be ensured as safe before used as medicine. Objective: The present work focused to study the toxicity effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bark of Terminalia arjuna, flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, leaves of Moringa oleifera. Methods: Sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted on Wistar albino rats according to the protocols described in OECD guidelines 407 [OECD, 2007]. All the animals were observed twice daily for mortality and morbidity. The clinical observation included changes in mucus membrane, eyes, fur, skin, and autonomic activity such as piloerection, changes in pupil size, lacrimation and unusual breathing pattern. Results: No mortalities were recorded in rats over the period of 30 days of treatment with both the CTAE (combination of three aqueous extracts) and CTEE (combination of three ethanolic extracts) at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, body weight, through oral route. None of the rats after administration of CTAE and CTEE at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, showed any obvious morbidity or clinical symptoms of toxicity such as changes in the skin and fur, eyes, respiratory rate, autonomic (salivation, perspiration and piloerection), and stereotype activities throughout the experimental period of 30 days. Conclusion: There were no clinical signs of toxicity observed for the normal control group. As there was no mortality recorded for all the doses, the LD50 value was assumed to be greater than the limit test dose of 2000 mg/kg, body weight.Hence 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, oral doses of both CTAE as well as CTEE were selected for further study.

Natural medicine, especially from herbs, is the source for the research of various novel medicinal compounds. Drugs from herbal origin must be ensured as safe before used as medicine. Objective: The present work focused to study the toxicity effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bark of Terminalia arjuna, flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, leaves of Moringa oleifera. Methods: Sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted on Wistar albino rats according to the protocols described in OECD guidelines 407 [OECD, 2007]. All the animals were observed twice daily for mortality and morbidity. The clinical observation included changes in mucus membrane, eyes, fur, skin, and autonomic activity such as piloerection, changes in pupil size, lacrimation and unusual breathing pattern. Results: No mortalities were recorded in rats over the period of 30 days of treatment with both the CTAE (combination of three aqueous extracts) and CTEE (combination of three ethanolic extracts) at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, body weight, through oral route. None of the rats after administration of CTAE and CTEE at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, showed any obvious morbidity or clinical symptoms of toxicity such as changes in the skin and fur, eyes, respiratory rate, autonomic (salivation, perspiration and piloerection), and stereotype activities throughout the experimental period of 30 days. Conclusion: There were no clinical signs of toxicity observed for the normal control group. As there was no mortality recorded for all the doses, the LD50 value was assumed to be greater than the limit test dose of 2000 mg/kg, body weight.Hence 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, oral doses of both CTAE as well as CTEE were selected for further study. Natural medicine, especially from herbs, is the source for the research of various novel medicinal compounds. Drugs from herbal origin must be ensured as safe before used as medicine. Objective: The present work focused to study the toxicity effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bark of Terminalia arjuna, flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, leaves of Moringa oleifera. Methods: Sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted on Wistar albino rats according to the protocols described in OECD guidelines 407 [OECD, 2007]. All the animals were observed twice daily for mortality and morbidity. The clinical observation included changes in mucus membrane, eyes, fur, skin, and autonomic activity such as piloerection, changes in pupil size, lacrimation and unusual breathing pattern. Results: No mortalities were recorded in rats over the period of 30 days of treatment with both the CTAE (combination of three aqueous extracts) and CTEE (combination of three ethanolic extracts) at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, body weight, through oral route. None of the rats after administration of CTAE and CTEE at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, showed any obvious morbidity or clinical symptoms of toxicity such as changes in the skin and fur, eyes, respiratory rate, autonomic (salivation, perspiration and piloerection), and stereotype activities throughout the experimental period of 30 days. Conclusion: There were no clinical signs of toxicity observed for the normal control group. As there was no mortality recorded for all the doses, the LD50 value was assumed to be greater than the limit test dose of 2000 mg/kg, body weight.Hence 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, oral doses of both CTAE as well as CTEE were selected for further study.

Meicinal plants have been used traditional practices since ancient times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds which is used by pharmaceutical industries. JSSCACS is having good source of medicinal plants garden. In this paper around 83 medicinal plants have been interpreted which include Botanical name, family, part used, habit and medicinal uses of the plants, extract medicine from the plants which are most effective, which further use in medicinal and pharmaceutical industries to cure various disease.

The rationale of this research work was to mask the bitter and unagreeable taste of Tramadol HCl which will improve the organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as taste, feel and other molecular properties of drug by making complexes with ion exchange resin (IER) on the basis of ion exchange technique. Tramadol HCl is a central acting opoid analgesic. In this work an effort has been shown to formulate a bitter less form of the drug which can be acceptable for oral administration with enhanced palatability and patient compliance. Indion- 234, Tulsion-335 and Tulsion-344 were the three ion exchange resins chosen for preparation of drug resin complex (DRC) or resinate and on the basis of drug loading Tulsion-335 selected as the best among them. The ratio of drug and resin (Tulsion-344) in 1:2 had shown excellent drug loading and taste masking ability. The confirmation of complexation between drug and resin was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the complexation of Tramadol HCl with Tulsion-344 IER. The thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry-DSC) has shown a sharp change in endothermic peak between drug and drug resin complex (DRC).The x-ray diffraction pattern of DRC signified complete disappearance of crystalline peaks of drug. The crystalline form of the drug changed to amorphous form was confirmed by these two tests. The extent of taste masking ability of drug resin complex (resinate) was assured by time intensity method followed by determining the amount of drug release in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8(simulated salivary fluid) and 0.1N Hydrochloric acid (simulated gastric fluid) and the results authenticated the successful masking of bitter taste of the drug. This taste masked drug resin complex (resinate) will be a tool to fabricate fast disintegrating tablets which will mitigate swallowing problem in pediatrics and geriatrics patients and will provide better palatability to liquid dosage forms.

Coumarin and pyrazolin based derivatives have reported to possess various pharmacological activities such antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. It is our interest to synthesize new series of chromen based pyrazolin derivatives because of wide spectrum of activities. All the compounds synthesized using appropriate methods were purified by recrystallization and were characterized by the different methods. The melting points of the synthesized compounds were determined by using Thiel’s melting point apparatus (open capillary tube method) and all the compounds gave sharp melting points and are uncorrected. Reaction was monitored by TLC using appropriate mixtures of solvents. All the final compounds were characterized & identified by IR, 1H-NMR & Mass spectral data.FTIR spectra of compound showed characteristics peak of -NH at 3072.51 cm-1 and –COC- at 1612.02 cm-1.The antimicrobial activities of the final compounds were done using broth microdilution assay. The MIC values for antibacterial studies 5d, 5g were shown good activity & 5f, 5g were shown good antifungal activity.